论行政犯的处罚原则及其实践  

Study on the Punishment Principle of Administrative Crime and Its Practice

作　　者：苗生明 杨先德 Miao Shengming;Yang Xiande

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院第一检察厅 [2]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2023年第2期85-96,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：随着刑事立法的演进,我国的犯罪结构发生显著变化,行政犯成为我国刑事治理的主要对象。在二元制裁结构不变的框架下,围绕行政犯双重违法性的本质,应当按照刑事追诉宽严相济、行政处罚从严追究原则,在立法层面妥善处理犯罪化与去犯罪化的关系,优先完善作为前置法的行政法;同时,尽可能在规范层面明确行政违法与刑事犯罪的界限,按照比例原则合理配置行政处罚与刑罚的量。在司法层面应当摒弃必罚主义,确立治理导向的司法观,坚持实质犯罪论,对行政犯充分适用宽严相济刑事政策,在司法体系中更多综合运用刑罚手段和非刑罚手段处理犯罪,尤其要破解好二元制裁结构下程序出罪后的行政处罚等非刑罚处理措施衔接难题,实现更好犯罪治理。With the evolving of criminal law system,the crime structure of China is changing dramatically and administrative offenses became the mainstream of crimes.Under the framework of the unchanged dual sanction structure,centering on the nature of the double illegality of administrative crime,we should properly deal with the relationship between criminalization and decriminalization at the legislative level according to the principle of leniency tempered with severity in criminal prosecution and strict investigation of administrative punishment,and give priority to improving administrative law as the prelaw.At the same time,as far as possible in the normative level of clear administrative illegal and criminal boundaries,according to the principle of proportionality rational allocation of administrative penalties and penalties.At the judicial level,we should abandon the doctrine of mandatory punishment,establish a management-oriented view of justice,adhere to the theory of substantive crime,fully apply the criminal policy of temper justice with mercy to administrative criminals,and make more comprehensive use of penalty means and non-penalty means to deal with crimes in the judicial system.In particular,we should crack the difficulty of connecting non-penalty measures such as administrative punishment after procedural crime under the dual sanction structure.We will achieve better crime governance.

关 键 词：行政犯 二元制裁结构 实质犯罪论 刑事追诉宽严相济 行政处罚从严追究 犯罪治理 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学] D922.1