紫檀芪乳油制剂的研制及其对砀山酥梨虎皮病的控制效果  

Pterostilbene emulsion preparation and its control effect on superficial scald in Dangshansuli pear

作　　者：杨晓露 陈春曙 崔子璇 田德才 朱琳 牛军鹏 惠伟[1,3] YANG Xiaolu;CHEN Chunshu;CUI Zixuan;TIAN Decai;ZHU Lin;NIU Junpeng;HUIWei(College of Life Science,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China;College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization of Western Fruit Resources,Ministry of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710119 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西师范大学西部果品资源高值利用教育部工程研究中心,西安710119

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第3期536-546,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：陕西省林业科技创新计划项目(SXLK2021-0228);陕西省农业科技创新驱动集成推广项目(NYKJ-2020-XA-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】植物天然抗氧化物紫檀芪(pterostilbene,Pte)在抑制果实病害方面具有重要的作用,但在处理果实时由于缺少乳化剂导致水溶液不稳定,很难在果实中展着和吸附,从而影响药效发挥。旨在研制紫檀芪乳油制剂(pterostilbene emulsifiable,Pte EC)以提高原药药效并研究其对砀山酥梨虎皮病的控制效果。【方法】以紫檀芪为有效成分,对其制剂进行溶剂、乳化剂筛选,并对乳油的质量进行测定,确定最佳配方。在此基础上以砀山酥梨为试材,研究二苯胺(diphenylamine,DPA)、Pte和Pte EC对冷藏[温度(-1±0.5)℃,湿度90%~95%]和货架期果实品质的影响。【结果】10%紫檀芪乳油制剂的最佳配方为10%紫檀芪+10%吐温20+80%无水乙醇。DPA、Pte和Pte EC处理均可较好保持冷藏期间梨果实硬度等指标,同时能有效抑制冷藏期间梨果皮H_(2)O_(2)、丙二醛和共轭三烯的积累,从而抑制虎皮病的发生。冷藏至210 d时,DPA、Pte和Pte EC处理组发病率分别比对照组低28.69%、12.19%和15.32%,且Pte EC对梨虎皮病的控制效果仅次于DPA,较Pte处理效果好。【结论】Pte EC优于Pte,且绿色安全,能有效控制砀山酥梨虎皮病的发生,值得进一步进行商业应用的推广示范。【Objective】Dangshansuli pear is one of the most widely grown varieties of pear and one of the main fruits exported from China.Dangshansuli pear is always affected by the superficial scald disorder,causing serious economic losses.Superficial scald,a physiological disorder that causes the appearance of irregular browning or black patches on the skin of some pear and apple cultivars,generally occurs after several months of cold storage and rapidly worsens when fruits are transferred to room temperature.Although superficial scald does not affect fruit flesh,it severely affects the appearance quality and commodity value.The post-storage quality of fruit must be maintained or enhanced to meet the increasing demands of consumers and market competition.The natural antioxidant pterostilbene(Pte)in plants plays an important role in inhibiting fruit disorders,but due to the lack of emulsifiers when fruits are treated,it is difficult to spread fully on and adsorb by the fruit,thus affecting its medicinal effect.This study aims to explore the optimal formulation of pterostilbene emulsifiable(Pte EC),and find the effects of it,Pte and Diphenylamine(DPA)on the post-harvest pear fruit storage quality and superficial scald control to explore whether Pte EC can improve the efficacy and replace the application of DPA in production,and provide a certain theoretical basis for the prevention of superficial scald in the future.【Methods】In this study,the solvent and emulsifier of the preparation were screened with pterostilbene as the active ingredient,and then the emulsion quality was determined.Finally the optimum formula of 10% pterostilbene emulsifiable(Pte EC)was determined.On this basis,the Dangshansuli pear fruits were used as the experimental materials,which were harvested in September 2020 in the commercial orchard of Tongchuan county,Shaanxi province.Fruits with the same maturity and similar size,as well as without pests,diseases and mechanical damage were selected during harvesting,and transported back to Shaanxi Huas

关 键 词：砀山酥梨 紫檀芪 乳油 二苯胺 虎皮病 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]