试析《资本论》生态存在论的美学意蕴  

On the Aesthetics of Ecological Existentialism in Karl Marx’s Das Kapital

作　　者：曾繁仁[1] 周品洁 Zeng Fanren;Zhou Pinjie(The Center for Literary Theory and Aesthetics,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文艺美学研究中心,济南250100

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期164-172,共9页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：《资本论》是马克思成熟时期的经典论著,它以剩余价值论与新陈代谢论为核心,有力地批判了资本主义生产对人与自然的双重掠夺;提出了“新陈代谢”及其断裂的崭新理论;揭示了资本主义基本矛盾必然导致的双重危机——经济危机与生态危机;预示了未来人与自然统一的生态型自由王国的实现。《资本论》包含着深厚的生态存在论美学意蕴,对于“美丽中国”的建设具有启示意义。Das Kapital is a classical theoretical text representing Marx’s full-fledge thought containing profound ecological existential aesthetic implications. Firstly, by his theory of surplus value, Das Kapital strongly criticizes the capitalist production for its plundering of both man and nature. On the one hand, Marx reveals the ruthless plundering of workers by the capital, including the plundering of their surplus labor time, their life and their health;on the other hand, Marx argues that the capital also ruthlessly plunders the nature, and that the capitalist production is an important cause of the depletion of natural resources. Marx devotes almost half of the first volume of Das Kapital to the twofold madness of capital’s plunder of both man and nature, and he describes the misery and state of existence of the working class with class sympathy. It is clear from the theoretical core of Das Kapital, Marxist practical existentialism is the basis of Marxist theory and Marxist aesthetics. Of course, this practical existentialism contains a profound critique of capitalism’s plundering of nature, that is, it contains the dimension of nature, a practical philosophy of ecological existentialism. Secondly, Das Kapital also puts forward a new theory of “metabolism”(Stoffwechsel)and its rupture. In Marx’s view, labor is a material transformation process between natural man power and labor, i. e., a metabolic process, specifically referring to the consumption of existing natural resources and the production of new natural products. Marx points out that in the capitalist system;large industries and agriculture have caused densely populated metropolitans. This further leads to the difficulty to “return” the consumed soil fertility back to the land, that is, the formation of the “rupture” between man and nature. This “rupture” destroys not only the metabolism between nature and man, but also the original and everlasting fertility of the land, and in turn destroys the body, freedom, and vitality of the wo

关 键 词：《资本论》 剩余价值理论 新陈代谢理论 生态存在论 美丽中国 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学] B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]