斯万特·帕博:因人类进化遗传学研究获2022诺贝尔生理学或医学奖  

Svante Pääbo:Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 for his study of human evolutionary genetics

作　　者：陈彪[1] 朱玥玮 王燕 陈羽 李婷婷 于菲凡 吴又进[1] CHEN Biao;ZHU Yuewei;WANG Yan;CHEN Yu;LI Tingting;YU Feifan;WU Youjin(Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Guigang Senior High School,Guigang 537100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026 [2]贵港市高级中学,贵港537100

出　　处：《科技导报》2023年第3期95-104,共10页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：安徽省高等学校省级质量工程项目(2022szsfkc010,2022jyjxggyj031,2022jyjxggyj030,2019jyxm0014);中国科学技术大学校级教学研究项目(2022ychx10,2022ycjg14,2022xjyxm009,2018jyy13,2020kcsz062,2021ycjg12,2021kcsz035)。

摘　　要：因“在已灭绝的古人类的基因组和人类演化方面的发现”,斯万特·帕博获得2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。回顾了人类起源的长久之问、生物测序技术的突破发展和帕博团队的科研历程,明确了其源于兴趣、攻坚克难的古DNA领域探索之路和丰硕成果:首次实现了对已灭绝古人类尼安德特人的全基因组测序,发现了未知古人类丹尼索瓦人,为人类的进化遗传学提供了新证据。帕博对人类进化遗传中基因流动探索的科研历程,展现了严谨的科学精神以及理想的科研生态;他的科研成果和理念,实现了古基因组学跨越学科与时代的价值,也引起了人类未来将去往何方的进一步思考。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 was awarded to Svante Pääbo for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.This paper reviews the long history of human origin and breakthrough development of biosequencing technology,combs the scientific research progress of Paabo's team,and clarifies the exploration road of ancient DNA and fruitful achievements.Pääbo and his team sequenced the entire genome of the extinct ancient human Neanderthal for the first time in the field of ancient DNA,and discovered the unknown ancient humans Denisovans.Pääbo's work provides a new evidence for the evolutionary genetics of humans.Pääbo's scientific research process of exploring gene flow in human evolution shows the serious spirit of science and the ideal ecology.Pääbo's scientific research achievements and ideas have realized the value of paleogenomics across disciplines and times and inspired us to further think about where humanity will go in the future.

关 键 词：斯万特·帕博 2022诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 古DNA 尼安德特人 进化遗传学 

分 类 号：Q987[生物学—遗传学]