遥感监测兰州盆地1990-2020年自然资源分布及变化趋势  

Distribution of and changes in natural resources between 1990 and 2020 in the Lanzhou Basin analyzed using remote sensing

作　　者：王兵 王军 高亚芳 王玉玺 刘晓煌 李小强[5,6] 曹泊[5] 鲁蕾[5] 胡振波[5] 潘保田 WANG Bing;WANG Jun;GAO Yafang;WANG Yuxi;LIU Xiaohuang;LI Xiaoqiang;CAO Bo;LU Lei;HU Zhenbo;PAN Baotian(Yantai Geological Survey Center of Coastal Zone,China Geological Survey,Yantai 264000,Shandong,China;School of Tourism,Lanzhou University of Arts and Science,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;The Third Institute of Geology and Minerals Exploration,Bureau of Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Command Center for Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Geological Survey of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局烟台海岸带地质调查中心,山东烟台264004 [2]兰州文理学院旅游学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质矿产勘查院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京100055 [5]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [6]甘肃省地质调查院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第12期2527-2538,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国地质调查局“黄河流域中上游土壤植被资源调查监测与评价(ZD20220141)”。

摘　　要：国家战略要求黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的全流域要协调发展。在全球气候变化大背景下冰川资源、水资源、森林资源、土地资源、草地等资源的变化规律及其相互影响机制均为当下较重要的研究课题。本研究以黄河上游兰州盆地为研究对象,利用遥感监测,对该地的自然资源空间分布特征和1990-2020年间的自然资源变化特征进行统计分析。结果表明:兰州盆地2019年主要自然资源类型包括耕地、园地、草地、森林、灌丛、城市绿地、河流、湖泊、裸岩、裸土、盐碱地,其中草地面积最大,占区域面积的45.36%;耕地占区域面积的24.29%;森林、灌丛面积分别占6.84%、6.31%;湖泊面积为0.22 hm^(2)。1990-2000年间,兰州盆地的大面积裸地被开垦为耕地,同时,城区建筑用地呈现扩张态势,而盆地边缘的兴隆山区域森林向草地转变。2000-2010年间,兰州盆地建设用地进一步扩张,占用了耕地和草地资源;同时盆地北部的大部分裸地转变为草地,而兴隆山一带部分林地则转变为草地和灌丛。2010-2020年间,城市建设用地的扩张有所减缓,榆中盆地的城市建设强度加剧;兰州盆地北部大片的裸地转变为草地;该时期兰州北部山区以及南部的兴隆山地区的灌丛面积显著增加,且表现为主要由林地和草地等转变而来。综上,自然资源分布及变化数据可以为自然资源的统一管理、理论研究和国土空间生态监测和规划提供数据支撑。Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin are the fundamental national policies of China.In the face of global climate change,the change patterns and interaction mechanisms of natural resources,such as glaciers,water,forests,land,and grassland,are important research topics.The present study focused on the Lanzhou Basin,located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of and changes in natural resources from 1990 to 2020 using remote sensing.In 2019,natural resources in the Lanzhou Basin primarily included croplands,orchards,grasslands,forests,shrubs,urban green spaces,rivers,lakes,bare land,and saline alkali land.The grassland area was the largest in 2019,accounting for 45.36%of the study area,followed by cultivated land(24.29%),forest land(6.84%),and shrubland(6.31%).Lake area spanned 0.22 ha.Extensive bare land was reclaimed as cultivated land in the Lanzhou Basin between 1990 and 2000.Simultaneously,construction land was extended,and forests were converted to grasslands in Xinglongshan.From 2000 to 2010,land development progressed further into the Lanzhou Basin,occupying cultivated land and grassland resources.Additionally,most of the bare land was transformed into grassland in the northern part of the basin,whereas part of the forest land was transformed into grassland and shrubland in Xinglongshan.From 2010 to 2020,construction land expanded further,and urban construction intensity increased in the Yuzhong Basin.A large area of bare land in the northern part of the basin was transformed into grassland.During this period,the shrubland area increased significantly,primarily via transformation from forest land and grassland,in the northern part of the Lanzhou Basin and Xinglongshan.Our conclusions and data will contribute to the unified management of natural resources,land-space ecological monitoring,and theoretical research.

关 键 词：黄河流域 自然资源 遥感监测 土地面积变化 土地利用类型 空间分布 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P966[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]