高速铁路钢轨上拱不平顺对波磨萌生的影响研究  

Research on the influence of the uplift irregularity on the corrugation initiation of high-speed railway rails

作　　者：张向民[1] 张勇 ZHANG Xiangmin;ZHANG Yong(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Guangdong Meilong Railway Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510101,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]广东梅龙铁路有限公司,广东广州510101

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第2期373-384,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国铁集团科技研究开发计划课题(K2021G026)。

摘　　要：高速铁路钢轨波磨是近年来致力于解决的一种极其复杂的轮轨关系问题。武广高铁胡家湾大桥存在钢轨上拱不平顺并伴随钢轨波磨病害,有必要通过理论与实践研究寻找钢轨上拱和波磨相伴相生的证据并诠释其机理。首先建立涵盖钢轨上拱-大幅值轮载-轮轨接触力统一数力学模型,采用能量法、轮轨接触理论和安定极限法进行解析计算,研究钢轨上拱矢度、列车参数和轨道参数的影响规律。然后阐释钢轨上拱、轮载与轮轨接触力之间的相互作用对理解钢轨波磨的萌生机理和减磨措施以及提出车轮多边形发生机理猜想所具有的启示意义,最后简要总结钢轨上拱引发波磨需要进一步研究的前沿问题。计算结果表明:钢轨上拱矢度对轮轨接触力影响显著,如以CRH2型动车组和弹性支撑块式无砟轨道组合为例,当钢轨上拱0.2 cm时,动轮载为21.45 t,相较平顺时增大3.1倍,切向力为15.86 kN,增大2.1倍,法向应力为1 131.6 MPa,增大1.5倍,超出安定极限值20.1%;轮轨接触力随着静轮重、簧下质量和轨道垂向刚度的增加而增大,随着轨道阻尼的增大而减小。研究发现,钢轨上拱激励轮轨系统高频共振导致了钢轨波磨的萌生与发展。防止或抑制此类型波磨的主要措施有:控制钢轨上拱不平顺、防止轮轨系统共振、减小轮载变化幅值、提高钢轨材质强度与耐磨性能以及采取预防性和修复性打磨等。It has been trying to solve high-speed rail corrugation in recent years, which is an extremely complex wheel-rail relationship problem. Rail uplift and corrugation occurred on the Hujiawan Bridge of the WuhanGuangzhou High-speed Railway, which is necessary to find evidence and interpret the mechanism of rail uplift and corrugation through theory and practice. First, a unified mathematical and mechanical model was established to calculate rail uplift, large-scale wheel load, and wheel-rail contact force through the energy method, wheel-rail contact theory, and shakedown limit method. The influence law of rail uplift, train, and track parameters simultaneously was studied. Then, the interaction between the rail uplift, wheel load, and wheel-rail contact force was explained to provide enlightenment for understanding the initiation mechanism of rail corrugation and antifriction measures, as well as the conjecture of the generation mechanism of wheel polygon. The brief summary was proposed that the frontier issues between rail uplift and corrugation need further research efforts. The calculations prove that the influence of rail uplift on the wheel-rail contact force is significant. By taking the CRH2 and ballastless track of elastic support block type as an example, the dynamic wheel load is 21.45 t when the rail is arched by 0.2 cm, which is 3.1 times higher than that when it is smooth. The tangential force is 15.86 kN, which is 2.1 times higher. The maximum normal stress is 1 131.6 MPa, which is 1.5 times higher and exceeds the rail shakedown limit value by 20.1%. The wheel-rail contact force increases with fixed wheel weight,unsprung mass, and the vertical stiffness of the track, but decreases with the track damping. Studies have found that the high-frequency resonance of the wheel-rail system induced by rail uplift leads to the initiation and development of rail corrugation;the main measures to prevent or suppress this corrugation type include controlling the unevenness of the rail uplift, preventing the resonanc

关 键 词：高速铁路 无砟轨道 钢轨上拱-轮载-轮轨接触力 钢轨钢安定极限 钢轨波磨萌生 

分 类 号：U213.21[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]