论二十四节气的命名  

On the Naming of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms

作　　者：刘晓峰[1] LIU Xiao-feng

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期93-101,175,共10页Journal of East China Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences）

摘　　要：古代二十四节气创造者究竟怎样理解太阳的周年运动?二十四节气究竟如何被命名?古代二十四节气通常被称为“二十四气”,二十四个节气名称中不仅反映出“两分”“两至”与“四立”构成的“八节”是结构性存在,而且以冬至、夏至为核心存在着一个对称的阴阳结构。更重要的是,二十四节气称谓中还包蕴着以水的变化联通四季,以寒暑为枢纽,以水气湿燥为表象的反应古人对水之三态变化认识和想象的水系列,这个命名体系中有关气的变化与“太一生水”之间存在同构关系,其背后有深厚的中国哲学气的思想、阴阳的思想、水的本源论思想作为支撑。这个结论提醒我们,时间问题是中国古代思想最根本的问题。How did the creators of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms understand the annual cyclical movement of the sun?How were the Twenty-Four Solar Terms named?The Twenty-Four Solar Terms were referred to as“the Twenty-Four Qi”(vital energy)in ancient times.The naming of the terms indicates not only the existence of a framework of eight terms,including two equinoxes,two solstices,and four beginnings,but also a symmetrical yin-yang structure surrounding the summer and the winter solstices.More importantly,the names suggest the water series understood and imagined by the ancient,in which four seasons are connected with the transformation of the three states of water,while summer and winter are regarded as the pivot and the wetness and dryness of water as the representation.There is a structural resonance between the transformation of qi implied in this naming system and that described in“the Ultimate One Giving Birth to Water”(taiyi shengshui),which is based on the conceptions such as qi,yin-yang,and water as arche in Chinese philosophy.This conclusion reminds us that time is the most fundamental issue in ancient Chinese thoughts.

关 键 词：二十四节气 八节 阴阳结构 太一生水 时间哲学 

分 类 号：K892.18[历史地理—民俗学]