肃北牦牛乳—牧草—土壤系统研究分析  

Analysis of Yak Milk-Forage-Soil System in Subei

作　　者：丁自强 于天军 赵尔军 艾尼尔力图 宝力德 王兴东 郭韶珂 喇永富 裴杰[1] 梁春年[1] 赵双全 郭宪[1] DING Ziqiang;YU Tianjun;ZHAO Erjun;Ainierlitu;BAO Lide;WANG Xingdong;GUO Shaoke;LA Yongfu;PEI Jie;LIANG Chunnian;ZHAO Shuangquan;GUO Xian(Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technical Service Center of Subei Mongolian Autonomous County,Subei 736300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,甘肃省牦牛繁育工程重点实验室,兰州730050 [2]肃北蒙古族自治县畜牧兽医技术服务中心,肃北736300

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2023年第2期37-41,共5页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1302103);财政部和农业农村部-现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37);中国农业科学院科技创新工程牦牛资源与育种(25-LZIHPS-01)。

摘　　要：为了解甘肃肃北牦牛乳—牧草—土壤之间的生态联系,收集核心放牧区土壤、牧草及肃北牦牛初乳和常乳,检测土壤矿物质元素、牧草营养成分含量及牛乳理化性质,并将检测结果与现有相关文献进行比较分析。结果显示,与甘南牦牛产地(玛曲和碌曲)相比,肃北土壤中含有大量的镁、铝和钙等常量元素,以及较多的镍、钴和硒等微量元素。肃北牧草中粗纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量明显高于玛曲和碌曲两地,但粗脂肪含量和总磷含量较低。基于其他数据分析显示,肃北牧草整体质量低于甘南两地。初乳分析结果表明,与环湖牦牛和甘南牦牛相比,肃北牦牛乳的乳密度和蛋白质含量明显更高,冰点更低。肃北牦牛常乳也表现出较高的乳糖含量和较低的冰点,说明肃北牦牛乳具有较高的乳品质和营养价值。In order to understand the ecological relationship between yak milk,forage and soil in Subei county,Gansu province,the soil,forage and the colostrum and normal milk of Subei yak in the core grazing area were collected.The mineral elements in the soil,the nutrient content of forage and the physical and chemical properties of cow milk were detected,and the detected data were compared and analyzed with the existing relevant literature.The results showed that compared with Maqu county and Luqu county,the contents of major elements such as magnesium,aluminum and calcium in Subei county were higher,and the contents of trace elements such as nickel,cobalt and selenium were higher,too.The contents of crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber in Subei herbages were significantly higher than those in Maqu county and Luqu county,but the contents of crude fat and total phosphorus were lower.Based on other data analysis,the overall quality of Subei herbages was lower than that in Maqu county and Luqu county.The results of colostrum analysis showed that compared with Huanhu yak and Gannan yak,the density and protein content of Subei yak milk were significantly higher and the freezing point was lower.Subei yak normal milk also had high lactose content and low freezing point.It indicated that Subei yak milk had higher milk quality and nutritional value.

关 键 词：肃北牦牛 牦牛乳 牧草 土壤 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学] S812.29[农业科学—畜牧兽医]