博物学与Natural History:东西方知识传统的构造  

Bowu Xue and Natural History:The Structure of Knowledge Trad itions in the East and West

作　　者：余欣 周金泰 Yu Xin;Zhou Jintai

机构地区：[1]浙江大学古籍研究所,杭州310058 [2]湖南大学岳麓书院,长沙410082

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第1期167-188,M0008,共23页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“敦煌吐鲁番出土汉文与民族语文数术文献综合研究”(22&ZD220)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以“博物学”对译natural history始自清季民初,是近世中西学术会通之一环,这种处理方式虽然把握了中西历史共性,并用现代学科概念清理整合了本土知识资源,但存在忽视固有博物观念的问题。梳理中国古代重要博物知识人及博物典籍,可以发现中国博物学既遵循了人类共有经验,又体现出鲜明的本土文化特色;自成独立知识体系,又与经典义理、神仙方术、食货民生等深度交涉;是融天道、人事、物象于一体,面向自身生存世界的理解方式、人生实践及情感体验之集合。人文与史志传统,是其最为显著的特征。The translation of“natural history”as Bowu Xue,originating in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China,served as a crucial link in modern Chinese-Western academic exchanges.Although this translation approach recognizes the shared historical experiences of Chinese and Western culture,and integrates local knowledge resources with modern concepts of disciplines,it fails to fully capture the inherent concept of Bowu.Examination of signifi cant ancient Chinese naturalists and their works reveals that in Chinese,Bowu reflects not only universal human experience,but also unique local cultural characteristics,and thus forms an independent knowledge system that deeply interacts with classical doctrine,magic,foodstuffs and livelihoods.A collection of insights,practical experience,and emotional engagement integrating the principles of heaven,human aff airs,and material objects,it is oriented towards an understanding of the world of its own existence,with humanism and historical tradition as its most distinctive features.

关 键 词：博物学 natural history 知识构造 中西比较 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论]