HX_(N)3型高原机车轮缘裂纹现象研究  

Study on wheel flange crack phenomenon of HX_(N)3 plateau locomotive

作　　者：杨忠良 罗世辉[1] 曲天威 阳光武[1] 马卫华[1] 聂云斌 YANG Zhongliang;LUO Shihui;QU Tianwei;YANG guangwu;MA Weihua;NIE Yunbin(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;CRRC Dalian Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116022,China;Chengdu Yunda Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 611700,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]中车大连机车车辆有限公司,辽宁大连116022 [3]成都运达科技股份有限公司,四川成都611700

出　　处：《电力机车与城轨车辆》2022年第6期45-52,共8页Electric Locomotives & Mass Transit Vehicles

摘　　要：HX_(N)3 型高原机车在青藏铁路格拉段投入运用后出现轮缘径向裂纹。文章从动力学角度结合格拉段线路特点,分析了机车在长大上坡道上低速通过曲线时各车轮的受力和磨耗指数等物理量,基于磨耗指数和曲线延展长度计算了曲线通过时车轮接触斑所处轮周的稳态温度,基于热机模型估算了轮缘接触斑瞬时温升。针对格拉段典型的大上坡道和长曲线及机车运行特点,计算了轮轨摩擦因数降低至0.276时车轮的瞬时温度,结果表明一位轴曲线外侧车轮接触斑瞬时温度达到428.2 ℃,二、四、五位轴曲线外侧车轮接触斑瞬时温度达到287.9 ℃,依据一位轴外侧车轮受力得到的接触斑应力已显著超过车轮材料高温特性下的屈服极限。研究认为,大坡道、长曲线、低速大牵引力、稳定的接触斑位置,以及较低的轮轨摩擦等运用条件综合在一起,对机车车轮危害极大,是HX_(N)3 型高原机车产生轮缘径向裂纹的主要原因。该分析方法可为其他形式的机车车轮损伤研究提供参考。Wheel flange crack along radial direction occurred after the HX_(N)3 plateau locomotives put into operation in the Golum-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Considering the features of track layout,this paper analyzes the related physic quantities such as interaction force and wear index of wheels,while locomotive negotiating the curve at low speed in a steep long slop.Based on the wear index and extended length of curve,wheel steady temperature at circumference which contact spot locates is calculated,and based on thermal mechanical model transient temperature rise at contact patch is estimated.According to the typical slop and curve in the Golum-Lhasa section,transient temperature of wheels was calculated when the wheel-rail friction coefficient reduces to 0.276.It is shown that,transient temperature at contact spot of high rail side wheel reached 428.2 ℃ in leading wheelset,transient temperatures at other high rail side wheels reached 287.9 ℃.The contact spot stress obtained according to wheel/rail loads at leading high rail side wheel exceeds obviously the yield limit of the wheel material under high temperature.It is concluded that,the integrated operation conditions of steep long slop,long extended curve,high tractive effort at low speed,stable contact spot position,and low friction between wheel and rail,harm the locomotive wheels seriously,which are the cause of radial cracks occurred in HX_(N)3 plateau locomotive.The analysis method can be a reference for analyzing other types of wheel damage faced by locomotives.

关 键 词：HX_(N)3型高原机车 动力学 热机模型 轮缘裂纹 

分 类 号：U260.33[机械工程—车辆工程]