政治学与公共管理学中的批判性研究:一个系统框架  

Critical Research in Politics and Public Management:A Systematic Framework

作　　者：杨立华[1] 张仁杰 YANG Li-hua;ZHANG Ren-jie(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期138-154,共17页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“提高社会治理社会化、法治化、智能化、专业化水平研究”(18VZL001);国家自然科学基金面上项目“新时代城乡基层社会服务体系构建路径及社区治理绩效研究”(72174006);北京市社会科学基金重点项目“构建多元参与的首都基层治理体系研究”(21GLA008)。

摘　　要：批判性研究是一种基于自我反思的逻辑,以启蒙和解放为导向,并致力于改造社会现实的规范研究类型。批判性研究具有批判倾向、行动取向和结果导向三个典型特点。批判性研究是政治学与公共管理学中一种非常重要却被忽视的研究路径。在比较的视野下,批判性研究作为一种研究路径的独立性和独特性彰显,从而凸显了其方法论的价值。批判性研究的适用范围与其研究目的和具体任务密切相关。就批判性研究的目的而言,批判性研究旨在通过批判和揭露破除“虚假意识”和“虚假需求”,使人们能意识到自己的“真实意识”和“真正需求”,从而实现个体启蒙和解放,以改造社会现实,并逐渐消除人类社会发展过程中形成的各种压迫和扭曲。批判性研究设计力图在经验的基础上,通过发明、发现、诠释形成新的理解,继而成为新的经验,并力图通过这样的周而复始的循环,不断地破除虚假意识,解放整体意识。大多数批判性研究大致具有如下流程或程序:回顾历史、历史阐述、设计、收集、分析、结论、改善历史。除了与一般研究相似的构念、内部和外部效度等评价维度外,批判性研究还有基于其自身的哲学假设、原则以及如何做研究的立场等的其他一些质量要求。作为方法论或研究范式意义上的一种研究路径,批判性研究的发展需要相对宽松的政治环境和学术环境,要加强理论研究与社会实践的联结,重视渐进、有限的社会建构,同时要重视批判性研究方法的创新和发展,实现方法多元化和规范化。Critical research is a kind of normative research type based on self-reflection logic,and it is guided by enlightenment and liberation,and committed to transforming social reality.Critical research has three typical characteristics:critical orientation,action orientation and result orientation.Critical research is a very important but neglected research path in politics and public management.From the perspective of comparison,the independence and uniqueness of critical research as a research path highlight the value of its methodology.The scope of application of critical research is closely related to its research purpose and specific tasks.As far as the purpose is concerned,critical research aims to break through“false consciousness”and“false demand”through criticism and disclosure,so that people can realize their“true consciousness”and“real demand”,thus realizing individual enlightenment and liberation,transforming social reality,and gradually eliminating all kinds of oppression and distortion formed in the process of human social development.The design of critical research tries to,on the basis of experience,form new understanding through invention,discovery and interpretation,which further become new experience,and through such a non-stop cycle,it tries to break the false consciousness and liberate the whole consciousness.Most critical studies generally follow such processes or procedures:reviewing history,explaining history,designing,collecting,analyzing,concluding,and improving history.In addition to the construction,internal and external validity and other evaluation dimensions similar to general research,critical research also bears some other quality requirements based on its own philosophical assumptions,principles and the position of how to do research.As a research path in the sense of methodology or research paradigm,the development of critical research needs a relatively loose political and academic environment;it is necessary to strengthen the connection between theoretical research

关 键 词：批判性研究 研究路径 虚假意识 研究范式 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]