阅海湖生态环境需水研究  

Study on the Ecological Environmental Water Demand in Yuehai Lake

作　　者：吴江 李俊杰 白雪 WU Jiang;LI Jun-jie;BAI Xue(CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Ningxia Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]中交基础设施养护集团宁夏工程有限公司,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第5期41-45,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：银川市科技计划项目重大项目(2020-SF-014)。

摘　　要：[目的]探明银川市阅海湖生态环境需水量,满足其生态系统稳定不退化所需要消耗的水资源总量。[方法]于2019年对阅海湖进行水样采集,测定总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD Cr)和高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))4个主要水质污染物指标,通过建立水质-水量耦合模型,采用功能法计算分析阅海湖水体最小、适宜和最大生态环境需水量。[结果]阅海湖水质保持现状所需引水量由污染物指标TP、COD Cr和COD_(Mn)决定,达到地表水水质标准Ⅲ类水时所需引水量由污染物指标COD Cr决定;阅海湖生态环境需水量划分为3个部分,分别为水体基本需水量、水体生态环境改善需水量、岸边带植被及景观娱乐需水量,水体基本需水量和生态环境改善需水量占阅海湖总需水量的绝大部分,通过计算可知,水体生态环境最小需水量为14.64×10^(6) m^(3),适宜需水量为24.76×10^(6) m^(3),最大需水量为50.98×10^(6) m^(3)。[结论]阅海湖水体水质已受到污染,含磷营养盐和有机物污染正在成为阅海湖水质的基本制约因素,应严格限制流入湖区地表水体污染物含量,并实现多渠道补水以免湖泊生态情况进一步恶化。[Objective]To find out the ecological water demand of Yuehai Lake in Yinchuan City and to meet the total water resources consumed for the stability and non-degradation of the ecosystem.[Method]Water samples were collected from Yuehai Lake in 2019,the total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),chemical oxygen demand(COD Cr)and potassium permanganate index(COD_(Mn))four main water pollutants indicators were determined,the minimum,suitable and maximum eco-environmental water demand of Yuehai Lake water body was analyzed and calculated by using the function method through the establishment of the water quality-water quantity coupling model.[Result]Yuehai Lake water diverted required to keep the status quo was determined by the pollutant index TP and COD Cr and COD_(Mn),reach the surface water quality standardⅢwater diverted required was determined by the pollutant index COD Cr.Yuehai Lake ecological environment water demand was divided into 3 parts:the basic water demand,ecological environment improving water demand and the shore with vegetation and water area for sight and recreation,the ecological environment of minimum water demand was 14.64×10^(6) m^(3),the suitable water demand was 24.16×10^(6) m^(3),the maximum water demand was 50.98×10^(6) m^(3),the basic water demand and ecological environment impromement water demand accounted for the vast majority of Yuehai Lake total water demand.[Conclusion]The water quality of Yuehai Lake has been polluted,phosphorus nutrient salt and organic matter pollution are becoming the basic restricting factors of the water quality of Yuehai Lake,the pollutant content of surface water inflow into the lake should be strictly limited,and the multi-channel water replenishment should be realized to avoid the further deterioration of the lake ecological situation.

关 键 词：生态环境需水量 水质-水量耦合模型 功能法 阅海湖 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]