短期高温预处理对餐厨垃圾堆肥进程及产品质量的影响  

Effect of short-term high temperature pretreatment on food waste composting process and product quality

作　　者：徐欣怡 彭韵 李芯雯 李蕾[1] 伍迪 张虹 石德智[1] 彭绪亚[1] XU Xinyi;PENG Yun;LI Xinwen;LI Lei;WU Di;ZHANG Hong;SHI Dezhi;PENG Xuya(Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第3期255-264,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中央高校基金基本科研业务费项目(No.2020CDCGHJ012)。

摘　　要：为探索短期高温预处理对餐厨垃圾堆肥进程及产品质量的影响,设计预处理温度(65、80、95℃)、时间(2、4、6 h)和通风量(0、0.1、0.2 m^(3)·min^(-1)·m^(-3))的三因素三水平正交试验.结果表明,高温预处理能促进半纤维素的降解,增加腐殖质前体物质氨基酸、还原糖等溶出,两者在高温预处理组(HTP)中的含量分别比对照组(CK)高出41.41%和35.51%.经短期高温预处理后,所有试验组都可在20 d时完全腐熟(种子发芽指数(GI)>70%),部分试验组甚至在15 d即可腐熟,而CK组在20 d时GI仅65.7%.HTP组堆肥产品总氮、总磷和总钾的平均含量分别比CK组高6.19%、10.96%和6.61%.以GI、腐殖质、聚合度和总养分为评价指标进行正交和方差分析,得出最佳预处理条件为温度80℃,时间4 h,通风量0.1 m^(3)·min^(-1)·m^(-3).研究结果表明短期高温预处理可以显著加速餐厨垃圾堆肥进程、提高产品质量,这可为突破传统堆肥耗时长、产品肥效低的瓶颈提供指导.To explore the effect of short-term high temperature pretreatment on the composting process of food waste and the end product quality,a three-level orthogonal experiment containing three factors,was conducted under different pretreatment temperature(65,80,95℃),heating intervals(2,4,6 h)and ventilation(0,0.1,0.2 m^(3)·min^(-1)·m^(-3)).The results showed that the pretreatment in high temperature promoted the degradation of hemicellulose,and increased the dissolution of humus precursors such as amino acids and reducing sugars.Accordingly,the contents of amino acids and reducing sugars in materials for composting from the high temperature pretreatment groups(HTP)were higher than those of the control group(CK)by 41.41%and 35.51%,respectively.After the pretreatment,food waste in all experimental groups could be decomposed entirely after 20 days with the seed germination index(GI)over 70%.In some experimental groups,food waste could even be decomposed after 15 days.However,the GI of CK was only 65.7%after 20 days.The average contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in compost from HTP were all higher than those in the CK group by 6.19%,10.96%and 6.61%,respectively.The results of orthogonal experimental and variance analysis based on GI,the content of humus,the degree of polymerization,and the total nutrient as evaluation indexes,showed that the optimal pretreatment conditions were 80℃,4 h and 0.1 m^(3)·min^(-1)·m^(-3).It can be concluded that short-term high temperature pretreatment can significantly accelerate the composting process of food waste and also improve product quality.This technology can provide guidance in resolving the problem of long-term and poor-quality in traditional composting process.

关 键 词：堆肥 高温预处理 餐厨垃圾 前体物质 正交试验 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]