谷氨酸转运体GLT调控星形胶质细胞与神经元交互作用对癫痫发作的影响  

Glutamate transporter GLT regulates the mechanism of epileptic astrocyte neuron interaction on seizures

作　　者：杨皓博 周铭晗 范文涛 YANG Haobo;ZHOU Minghan;FAN Wentao(School of Basic Medicine,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学基础医学院,陕西咸阳712046

出　　处：《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2023年第2期239-244,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:81873177)。

摘　　要：谷氨酸是中枢神经系统中的主要兴奋性神经递质,可引起兴奋性信号传递,后被星形胶质细胞上的谷氨酸转运体(GLT)吸收以保持突触间隙谷氨酸最佳的浓度。脑中共有五种GLT,占主要地位的是谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)和谷氨酸转运体-1(GLT-1),及一部分的EAAT3、EAAT4,EAAT5作为补充。兴奋毒性与各种神经系统疾病有关,GLT的失调可能在兴奋毒性和相关神经病变中起重要作用。GLT调节谷氨酸浓度的机制一直是开发癫痫药物的一个重要领域,包括β-内酰胺类抗生素、雌激素/选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERMs)、生长因子等药理制剂已被广泛应用。在增强GLT表达和提高谷氨酸摄取的功能方面显示出显著的功效,本文将讨论GLT改变与癫痫机制的关联。Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,which can cause excitatory signal transmission and then be absorbed by glutamate transporter(GLT)on astrocytes to main⁃tain the optimal concentration of glutamate in the synaptic space.There are five types of GLT in the brain,mainly glutamate aspartate transporter(GLAST)and glutamate transporter-1(GLT-1),and some EAAT3,EAAT4,and EAAT5 as supplements.Excitotoxicity is related to various nervous system diseases,and the imbalance of GLT may play an important role in excitotoxicity and related neuropathy.The mechanism of GLT regulating glutamate concentration has been an important field in the development of epilepsy drugs,includingβ-pharmacological agents such as lactam antibiotics,estrogen/selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs)and growth factors have been widely used.It shows significant effect in enhancing GLT expression and glutamate uptake.This article will discuss the relationship between the change of GLT and the mechanism of epilepsy.

关 键 词：谷氨酸转运体 癫痫 星形胶质细胞 GLT 

分 类 号：R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]