冰区航行船舶冰阻力及六自由度运动响应的离散元分析  

DISCRETE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ICE RESISTANCES AND SIX-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM MOTION RESPONSE OF SHIPS IN ICE-COVERED REGIONS

作　　者：王祥 胡冰 刘璐[1] 季顺迎[1] WANG Xiang;HU Bing;LIU Lu;JI Shun-ying(State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis of Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;China COSCO Shipping Corporation Limited,Shanghai 200027,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,大连116024 [2]上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海200240 [3]中国远洋海运集团有限公司,上海200027

出　　处：《工程力学》2023年第4期243-256,共14页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2018YFA0605902);国家自然科学基金项目(42176241,U20A20327)。

摘　　要：冰阻力是冰区船舶航行过程中的重要影响因素,对船舶航行性能及航行安全带来严峻挑战。该文采用扩展多面体离散元方法建立冰船动力作用过程的三维离散元方法,基于船舶推进功率与推进力间近似关系,将螺旋桨推力、冰载荷、舵力及水动力等载荷分开考虑,开展恒功率破冰船六自由度非线性操纵直航冰阻力及运动响应计算。为验证该离散元方法的可靠性,对比了碎冰区DUBROVIN及平整冰区LINDQVIST冰阻力公式计算结果。基于船舶在不同主机推进功率及复杂冰况下的直航冰阻力计算结果,展开对船舶破冰航速的影响因素分析。在此基础上,给出了船舶垂荡、横摇、纵摇等冰区船舶运动响应模拟结果和极地船舶运动响应预报结果,最后对碎冰及平整冰区船舶冰阻力及运动响应展开了对比分析。该方法可有效计算船舶冰阻力,其模拟结果可为冰区船舶运动响应及航行安全预警提供重要参考。The ice resistance is an important factor in the navigation process of ships in ice areas,which brings serious challenges to the navigation performance and navigation safety of ships.In this study,the dilated polyhedron based discrete element method(DPDEM)is used to establish a three-dimensional discrete element method(DEM)of the ice-ship dynamic interaction process,based on the approximate relationship between ship propulsion power and propulsion force,and considering propeller thrust,ice load,rudder force and hydrodynamic load separately,the ice resistance and motion response of 6-DOF nonlinear manoeuvre straight navigate of constant power icebreaker are calculated.In order to verify the reliability of the DEM,the results of DUBROVIN and LINDQVIST ice resistance formulas in a broken ice region and a flat ice region were compared and analyzed.Based on the simulation results of the ice resistance on ship under different propulsion power and complex ice conditions,the influencing factors of ship speed are analyzed.Accordingly,the simulation results of ship motion response in ice areas,such as ship heave,roll and pitch,and the prediction results of ice-breaking performance of polar ships are analyzed.Finally,the ice load and the motion response both in a broken ice field and in a level ice one are compared and analyzed.This method can effectively calculate the ice resistance of ship,and the simulation results can provide an important reference for the motion response and navigation safety early-warning of ships in ice-covered regions.

关 键 词：破冰船 扩展多面体 离散元 主机功率 冰阻力 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学] U661.33[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]