考虑延误传播的枢纽机场航班时刻优化方法  

Flight schedule optimization method for hub airport considering delay propagation

作　　者：曾维理[1,2] 刘丹丹 杨磊 舒翔[1] 包杰[1,2] ZENG Wei-li;LIU Dan-dan;YANG Lei;SHU Xiang;BAO Jie(College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,Jiangsu,China;National Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Flow Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学民航学院,江苏南京211106 [2]南京航空航天大学国家空管飞行流量管理技术重点实验室,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2023年第1期242-255,共14页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62076126);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20190414)。

摘　　要：为解决枢纽机场的航班时刻优化问题,提出了一种考虑延误传播的航班时刻优化方法;根据延误传播因果关系强弱来表征延误传播代价,建立了以最小延误传播代价和最大公平性的双目标函数;为了降低航班时刻存在的先天性延误和保证进离港航班的衔接性,引入了进离港点通行能力、常态化航路流量控制以及航班波特征等约束条件,构建了更加符合枢纽机场运行特征的优化模型;基于求解多目标函数的约束法,设计了两阶段求解算法,将多目标函数求解问题转化为单目标函数求解问题;以上海浦东国际机场为案例,从资源利用率和运行效率两方面进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:优化前4%的时刻属于跑道超负荷运行时刻,优化后不存在跑道超负荷运行时刻;优化前PIKAS和LAMEN大约有5%的时刻、NXD大约有2%的时刻处于超负荷运行,优化后没有进离港点超负荷运行;优化前离港航班平均延误为23 min,有超过50%的时刻延误大于10 min,优化后平均延误为3 min,超过60%的时刻延误小于5 min;优化前进港航班延误为28 min,优化后85%的时刻延误小于5 min;优化前后航班正常率分别为82%、99%,优化后航班正常率提升了17%。可见,优化后的航班时刻在时空分布上更加合理,能够显著提高资源利用率和航班正常率,降低航班延误。A flight schedule optimization method considering delay propagation was proposed to solve the flight schedule optimization problem at hub airports.The cost of delay propagation was characterized according to the strength of the causality of delay propagation,and a dual-objective function of the minimum delay propagation cost and maximum fairness was established.The constraints,such as the capacity of arrival and departure ports,normalized route flow control,and flight wave characteristics,were introduced to reduce the inherent delays of flight schedules and ensure the connectivity of arrival and departure flights.On this basis,an optimization model more in line with the operating characteristics of hub airports was constructed.A two-stage solution algorithm based on the constraint method for solving multi-objective functions was designed to transform the solution problem of multi-objective functions into the single-objective functions.Shanghai Pudong International Airport was taken as an example for the experimental verification from the aspects of resource utilization and operational efficiency.Research results show that the runway is overloaded for 4% of the time before optimization,but there is no runway overload after optimization.Before optimization,PIKAS and LAMEN are under overloaded operation for about 5% of the time,and NXD is under overloaded operation for about 2% of the time.After optimization,there is no overloaded operation at the arrival and departure ports.Before optimization,the average delay of departure flights is 23 min,and more than 50% of the delays are greater than 10 min.After optimization,the average delay is 3 min,and more than 60% of the delays are less than 5 min.The average delay of arrival flights before optimization is 28 min,and after optimization,85% of the delays are less than 5 min.The normal rate of flights before and after optimization is 82% and 99%,respectively,which has an increase of 17%.Therefore,the optimized flight schedule is more reasonable in temporal and spatial dis

关 键 词：航空运输 航班时刻优化 枢纽机场 延误传播 公平性 约束法 

分 类 号：V355[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]