戏剧制作技艺与城邦剧场文化:希腊古典时期的drama与theatron考辨  

The Art of Dramatic Production and Theatric Culture of City-State:“Drama” and “Theatron” in Classical Greece

作　　者：陈戎女[1] Chen Rongnv

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学

出　　处：《戏剧（中央戏剧学院学报）》2023年第1期1-19,共19页Drama:The Journal of the Central Academy of Drama

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中外戏剧经典的跨文化阐释与传播研究”(项目编号:20&ZD283)的阶段性成果;北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目资助(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,项目编号:19PT06)。

摘　　要：关于drama与theatre的论争,从西方概念谱系看应回溯到古希腊,方可获得执古释今的视野。本文借助西方古典语文学的研究方法,从语词溯源与语义辨析的角度,考证与辨析drama与theatron在希腊古典时期经典文献中的用法、涵义与变化。亚里士多德提出,δρ?μα作为诗歌制作术之一,其名称和本质是摹仿“正在做(或行动)的人”,整体上drama被视为趋向完整和善的目的的城邦技艺。古希腊与θ?ατρον相关的语词强调在剧场看戏的“观看”行为及衍生的社会角色,剧场成为城邦公共生活、表演文化和民主制度展示自身的重要场所和空间符号。尽管drama和theatron的区别很明显,但在古典时期二者融入了紧密联结的城邦生活,多种机制于此交汇贯通。古希腊的drama和theatron是以雅典为代表的城邦政制和文化的产物,后经过扩展、变形和转义,其影响力直到文艺复兴以后的现代世界。The current debate about “drama” and “theatre”, seen from the genealogy of western concepts, should be traced back to ancient Greece, which may provide a new perspective to explain the modern problem at the standpoint of the ancient. This paper, by means of the research methods of western philology, analyzes and differentiates the usage, meaning and changes of “drama” and “theatron” in classical Greek literature from the angle of two words’ origin and semantic discrimination. According to Aristotle, δρ?μα is one of the arts of poetic production in the city-states, whose name and nature came from a mimesis of “doing(or action)”. On the whole “drama” is regarded as an art toward the purpose of integrity and goodness. The Greek words related θ?ατρον emphasize the act of “viewing” in the theatre and the social roles derived from them, therefore “theatron” becomes an important place and spatial symbol for the citystate’s public life, the performing culture, and the democratic institution. Although displaying obvious differences between “drama” and “theatron”, they integrated into a tightly knit through the city-state’s public life, where multiple mechanisms converged. After drama and theatron’s expansion, transformation and transferring, their influences have lasted until modern world after the Renaissance.

关 键 词：DRAMA theatron/theatre 希腊古典时期 亚里士多德 

分 类 号：J83[艺术—戏剧戏曲]