数码电子雷管在泄洪排沙洞爆破中的减振特性研究  

Blasting Vibration Damping Characteristics of Digital Electronic Detonators in Flood Drainage Channel

作　　者：王晨光 杜新国 王可用 孙永 胡忠经 王令玉 孙迪 WANG Chen-guang;DU Xin-guo;WANG Ke-yong;SUN Yong;HU Zhong-jing;WANG Ling-yu;SUN Di(School of Resources,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Tai′an 271000,China;China Railway 14th Bureau Group Second Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tai′an,271000,China;School of Security,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qing′dao 266510,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学资源学院,泰安271000 [2]中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司,泰安271000 [3]山东科技大学安全学院,青岛266510

出　　处：《爆破》2023年第1期205-212,共8页Blasting

基　　金：中铁十四局集团2021年度科技开发项目(913700001630559891202112);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278359)。

摘　　要：为了降低爆破振动强度、控制爆破振动危害,根据爆破形成振动波的相互干扰叠加,在施工场地进行爆破振动试验。采用数码电子雷管,选用普通导爆管雷管作为对照组,在距掌子面15 m、30 m、45 m、60 m处布置监测点,进行了四组不同方案的振动速度变化规律的研究。利用数码电子雷管的精确延时特性,通过前三个组合的现场试验研究,取得泄洪排沙洞使用数码电子雷管洞挖爆破相对最佳的孔间、排间延时间隔时间组合为第二组合的成果:掏槽孔从上到下对称两孔同时起爆,上下孔孔间延时8 ms;其余主爆孔对称安排(从隧洞断面中间向外侧)逐孔从上到下(顶拱从左到右)起爆,孔间延时16 ms;所有排间延时间隔均为100 ms;边顶拱光爆孔和底板光爆孔间隔100 ms,并实现了波峰错相叠加的减振效果。试验结果表明:爆破参数是降低爆破振动强度的关键;在距爆源距离相同的情况下,采用数码电子雷管的质点振动速度峰值明显小于普通雷管,采用数码雷管的主频高于采用普通雷管;数码雷管可大幅度降低爆破振动强度、提高爆破振动的主频。该工程技术在河南洛宁抽水蓄能电站泄洪排沙洞爆破施工中取得了显著的减振效果。Field tests of blast vibrations were conducted based on the concept of interference between blast-induced seismic waves for the purpose of reducing blasting vibration intensity and controlling blasting vibration hazards.Three different blast schemes were realized by using electronic detonators,and nonel detonators were used for the fourth blast scheme as comparison.Monitoring points were arranged at the locations of 15 m,30 m,45 m and 60 m away from the working face.By studying variation law of the blasting vibration velocity,the optimal delay intervals between holes and rows were selected as those of the third scheme based on the characteristics of accurate timing of electronic detonators.In the third scheme,the cut holes were initiated every two holes from top to bottom with an inter-hole delay of 8 ms.The slashing holes were arranged symmetrically along the center of the working face,and initiated hole by hole with an inter-hole delay of 16 ms and inter-row delay of 100 ms.In addition,the roof holes and bottom holes were initiated with a delay interval of 100ms.This scheme was used to obtain a vibration reduction effect by wave destruction interference.The test results show that the blast parameters are the key to reduce the blast vibration intensity.With the same distance to the blast source,the peak particle velocity when electronic detonators are used is much smaller than that when nonel detonators are used.At the same time,the dominant frequency of electronic detonators is higher than that of the nonel detonators.This engineering technology has achieved significant vibration reduction effect in the blasting construction of the flood discharge tunnel of Luoning pumped-storage power station in Henan Province.

关 键 词：数码电子雷管 普通导爆管雷管 振动速度 减振效果 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]