东汉都城洛阳礼制文化研究  

A Study on the Ritual Culture of the Capital Luoyang of the Eastern Han Dynasty

作　　者：高崇文[1] Gao Chongwen

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100080

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第2期48-56,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：刘秀在原郡县洛阳城基础上,按都城礼制规划理念进行了增建。南宫大朝居中,左右分立庙和社,正式形成都城的“左祖右社”布局。庙则改西汉分散陵庙制,实行诸帝神主一庙“共堂”的集中庙制。南宫四面辟门,其分别名青龙、白虎、玄武,南门名端门,有似周正寝“路寝”门,这些均是阴阳五行观念在都城营建中的体现。端门前大道,通过南垣平城门直达南郊礼制建筑群,成为大朝正宫之南的礼仪御道,由南宫南屯司马统一执掌卫护。明堂、灵台、辟雍、太学各具独特建制而分立,明堂用于祭祀五帝,灵台用于望气观天象,辟雍用于举行射礼、养老礼,太学为教授经学,南郊礼制建筑群成为宣教礼仪的中心。南郊祭天,北郊祭地,已成历代都城之定制。东汉洛阳开启了典型的古代都城礼制文明之模式,对后世历代都城礼制文明建制有着深远影响。Liu Xiu made expansion on the basis of original Luoyang according to the idea of capital etiquette system.The Nangong Great Court is in the middle,the temple and She are separated from each other on the left and right,formally forming the layout of“Left ancestor and right She”.The temple system changed the decentralized tomb temple system in the Western Han dynasty,and imply centralized temple system in which all emperors and gods had one temple and“sharing the same hall”.The south palace has four gates in each direction,which named Qinglong,Baihu and Xuanwu respectively.The south gate is named Duanmen,which is similar to the“Road Sleeping”gate of Zhou dynasty.These are the embodiment of the concept of yin and yang and five elements in the construction of the capital.The avenue in front of Duanmen,through the Pingcheng Gate of Nanyuan,leads directly to the ritual architecture complex in the southern suburbs,and becomes the ritual royal road to the south of the main palace,which is under the unified control of Nangong Nantun Sima.The Mingtang,Lingtai,Biyong and Taixue have their own unique structures and function.The Mingtang is used to worship the Five Emperors,the Lingtai is used to observe the celestial phenomena,the Biyong is used to hold archery and endowment ceremonies,the Taixue is used to teach the classics,and the ritual architecture complex in the southern suburbs becomes the center of etiquette propaganda.Sacrifice to the sky in the southern suburbs and to the earth in the northern suburbs has become the custom of the capitals of all dynasties.Luoyang in the Eastern Han dynasty opened a typical model of ancient capital etiquette civilization,which has a profound impact on the establishment of capital etiquette civilization in later dynasties.

关 键 词：东汉都城洛阳 左祖右社 明堂 辟雍 太学 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]