不同耕作实践对新增耕地土壤结构及养分含量的影响  

Effect of different tillage practices on soil structure and nutrient content in newly reclaimed cultivated land

作　　者：刘哲 曹石榴 王娜 王欢元 孙增慧 罗玉虎 卢楠 李燕 LIU Zhe;CAO Shi-liu;WANG Na;WANG Huan-yuan;SUN Zeng-hui;LUO Yu-hu;LU Nan;LI Yan(Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi an 710075,China;Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi an 710021,China;Institute of Land Engineering and Technology,Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi an 710021,China;Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center,Xi an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,西安710075 [2]自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,西安710021 [3]陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,西安710021 [4]陕西省土地整治工程技术研究中心,西安710075

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第1期39-46,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省土地工程建设集团内部科研项目(DJTD-2022-5,DJNY2022-15,DJNY2022-35)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明耕作实践对新增耕地土壤团聚体数量、结构稳定性及养分含量的影响,为改善新增耕地土壤结构和土壤肥力提供参考。【方法】通过在陕西省眉县上王村开展长期田间定位试验评估传统连续翻耕(MT)、深松—翻耕—深松(ST)及免耕—深松—免耕(NT)的耕作处理对新增耕地土壤含水量、土壤有机质、团聚体大小分布及结构稳定性的影响。【结果】传统连续翻耕处理降低了新增耕地土壤大团聚体数量和土壤持水特性,导致土壤有机质含量降低(3.68 g/kg),团聚体结构稳定性差。与传统长期翻耕处理相比,保护性耕作方式下的NT处理显著增加了新增耕地大团聚体的数量(P<0.05),提高了土壤含水量,增加了土壤有机质含量和团聚体结构稳定性。NT处理下土壤含水量最大为20.42%,有机质含量最大值达到6.48 g/kg,土壤团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、水稳性大团聚体(R 0.25)、分形维数(D)值明显得到改善。ST处理对新增耕地土壤持水特性、水稳性团聚体结构稳定性及有机质含量也起到一定的改善作用。【结论】NT和ST处理对新增耕地土壤团聚体数量、结构稳定性及养分含量产生了积极影响,有助于新增耕地土壤质量的不断改善,因此,NT处理为陕西省眉县上王村最适宜的耕作方式。【Objective】The experiment aimed to study the effects of different rotation tillage practices on newly reclaimed soil aggregate distribution,structural stability and nutrient availability,and to provide scientific reference for improving the soil structure and soil fertility of the newly reclaimed soil.【Method】The effects of conventional long-term moldboard plow tillage(MT),sub-soiling/moldboard-tillage/sub-soiling rotation(ST)and no-tillage/sub-soiling/no-tillage rotation(NT)treatments on the soil moisture content,soil organic matter,aggregate quantity and structural stability of newly increased cultivated land were evaluated through long-term field experiment.【Result】The conventional MT treatment reduced the number of macroaggregates and soil water content in newly increased cultivated land,which led to low organic matter content(3.68 g/kg),and weak aggregate structure stability.Compared with MT,the NT treatment of conservation tillage practice significantly increased the number of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)and soil water content(P<0.05),and increased soil organic matter content and aggregates structural stability in newly increased cultivated land.The NT treatment was associated with the highest soil water content(20.42%),maximum organic matter content(6.48 g/kg),and the MWD,GMD,R 0.25 and D values of soil aggregates were significantly improved.The ST treatment also played a certain role in improving the soil water-holding characteristics,aggregate structural stability and the organic matter content of newly increased cultivated land.【Conclusion】NT and ST treatments had a positive impact on the soil aggregate quantity,structural stability and nutrient content of newly increased cultivated land,contributing to the continuous improvement of soil quality,and NT treatment is the suitable rotation tillage treatment in Shangwang village,Meixian county,west of Shaanxi province,China.

关 键 词：耕作处理 土壤团聚体 土壤有机质 土壤结构稳定性 新增耕地 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]