从自然崇拜到观象授时:中国岩画所见的天象时令与农业起源相互关系研究  

From Nature Worship to Observing the Sky and Telling the Time:A Study on the Relationship between Celestial Phenomena and the Origin of Agriculture in Chinese Rock Art

作　　者：赵关键[1] 童永生[2] ZHAO Guan-jian;TONG Yong-sheng(Art School,Chaohu University,Hefei 238000;School of design,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122)

机构地区：[1]巢湖学院美术与设计学院,安徽合肥238000 [2]江南大学设计学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第1期34-46,共13页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学一般项目“中国岩画的图像学阐释研究”(20BF086)。

摘　　要：中国岩画有很多反映天象时令的画面,它是研究原始天文学与中国农业起源相互关系的重要史料。本文从中国南方岩画中的天象时令与稻作农业起源的相互关系入手,考证了连云港岩画中的“天象图”具有原始天文观察与历法授时的意义;从北方岩画中的“天象崇拜”与原始畜牧文化的关系出发,阐释了北方岩画中的“天象图”具有从自然崇拜的原始信仰到萌芽天文学的特征;进一步论证了中国岩画中的所见的天象时令是我国远古先民由天象崇拜向观象授时转变的朴素自然观反映,具有自然信仰与原始科学互渗的特点,对于我们认识远古人类对待自然现象的态度,了解我国原始农业的起源、发展与演化过程具有重要意义。Chinese rock art havemany images reflecting the celestial phenomena and the time.It is the important historical data for studying the relationship between primitive astronomy and the origin of agriculture in China.Based on the relationship between the celestial phenomena and the origin of rice farming agriculture in southern China's rock art,this paper investigates the significance of the"Sky Map"in the rock art in Lianyungang for primitive astronomical observation and calendar timing.Then,it explains that the"Celestial Map"in the northern rock paintings has the characteristics from the primitive belief of nature worship to the budding astronomy,based on the relationship between the"celestial worship"in the northern rock art and the primitive animal culture.It further demonstrates that the celestial phenomena seen in the Chinese rock art are the reflection of the simple view of nature that the ancient Chinese ancestors changed from the worship of the celestial images to the observation of the time,which has the characteristics of the mutual integration of natural belief and primitive science.So it is of great significance for us to understand the ancient human attitude towards the natural phenomenon and understand the origin,development and evolution process of our primitive agriculture.

关 键 词：中国岩画 天象图 自然崇拜 原始天文学 农业起源 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]