基于生物多样性保护的茶园景观管理及其生态经济效益评估  

Landscape Management and Ecological and Economic Benefits Assessment of Tea Gardens Based on Biodiversity Conservation

作　　者：徐曦 秦晨 冉景丞 XU Xi;QIN Chen;RAN Jingcheng(Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;ABOVEFARM®Shanghai Jianzhen Agriculture ecological farm rating studio,Shanghai 201900,China;Guizhou Academy of Forestry Sciences,Guiyang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]Abovefarm®上海践真农业科技有限公司,上海201900 [3]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《茶叶通讯》2023年第1期120-128,共9页Journal of Tea Communication

基　　金：浙江农林大学科研发展基金人才启动项目(2034020099)。

摘　　要：为了探明基于生物多样性保护管理模式下的生态茶园在生态与经济方面发挥效益的特点和机制,以茶园鸟类和杂草作为指示生物类群,对位于浙江绍兴会稽山南麓的不同管理类型茶园进行调查研究。研究发现:在鸟类调查的200 m半径样地内,鸟类丰富度和多度呈现生态型茶园>放荒型茶园>常规型茶园的特征,生物多样性指数也如此;茶园样地鸟类丰富度与生境复杂性、植被垂直结构复杂性和茶树蓬径呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与25 m2植物样方丰富度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);鸟类多度与水面占比、植被水平结构复杂性呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与道路占比和植物面积占比显著负相关(P<0.05)。结果表明:茶树平均蓬径和种植密度是生态型茶园杂草控制的关键因素。茶树蓬径和种植密度越高,地表裸露面积越小,杂草控制效果越好;而杂草丰富度并非如此,呈现出生态型茶园>放荒型茶园>常规型茶园的特征,反映出基于生物多样性的种植方法带来杂草种类多而总量小的特点;杂草丰富度与鸟类丰富度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明杂草可能直接或间接为鸟类提供食物和生境。生态型茶园种植鸟嗜性乔木和果树以及蜜源草本植物,为鸟类提供了多种生境和食物来源,发挥食物链功能,起到控制虫害的效果。经过多年的生态化管理,生态型茶园从投入增加产出降低的危机逐步走向投入减少多方面产出增加的良性循环,实现生态效益的价值显化。In order to find out the characteristics and mechanisms of ecological and economic benefits of ecological tea gardens based on the biodiversity conservation management,using tea garden birds and weeds as indicator organisms,the tea gardens investigation and comparison analysis were conducted,at the south foot of Kuaiji mountain in Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province.The results showed that,in the bird survey,the bird richness and abundance in the sample plot with a radius of 200m showed the characteristics of Ecological Tea Garden>wild tea garden>conventional tea garden,and so did the biodiversity index;(2)There was a significant positive correlation between bird richness and habitat complexity,vegetation vertical structure complexity and tea canopy diameter(P<0.01),and between bird richness and 25 m2 plant quadrat richness(P<0.05);(3)Bird abundance was positively correlated with the proportion of water surface and the complexity of vegetation level structure(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with the proportion of roads and plants(mainly single planted tea trees)(P<0.05).The results showed that the average canopy diameter and planting density of tea were important factors for weed control in ecological tea garden.The higher the canopy diameter and planting density of tea tree,the smaller the surface exposed area,and the better the weed control effect;The richness of weeds is not the same,showing the characteristics of Ecological Tea Garden>wild tea garden>conventional tea garden,reflecting the characteristics of more species and less total amount of weeds brought by the planting method based on biodiversity;There was a significant positive correlation between weed richness and bird richness,indicating that weeds may provide food and habitat for birds directly or indirectly.The ecological tea garden is planted with bird favorite trees,fruit trees and honey source herbs,which provide a variety of habitats and food sources for birds,causing better pests control by the function of food chain.After years of ecological managem

关 键 词：生态茶园 景观管理 杂草多样性 鸟类多样性 生态效应 经济效益 可持续性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]