民族地区碳达峰碳中和的潜力、挑战及建议  

Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in China’s Ethnic Minority Areas:Potential,Challenges and Policy Recommendationst

作　　者：张坤 陈梦玫[1,2,3] 蒋尉 潘家华[2,3,5] ZHANG Kun;CHEN Mengmei;JIANG Wei;PAN Jiahua

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济与管理学院 [2]北京工业大学生态文明研究院 [3]中国社会科学院可持续发展研究中心 [4]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 [5]中国社会科学院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2023年第2期70-81,172,173,共14页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：国家民委民族研究项目“民族地区碳达峰碳中和问题研究”(2021-GMZ-003);中国博士后科学基金项目“中国碳中和目标下的省际间减排合作机制研究”(2021M700314);国家自然科学基金专项项目“面向碳中和的中国经济转型模式构建研究”(72140001);国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国区域碳中和路径优化与协同减排机制设计研究”(72204013)。

摘　　要：民族地区是我国重要的生态屏障,又是可再生能源富集区,风能、太阳能、水能和地热能等能源资源位居全国前列,在生态文明建设和“双碳”战略部署落实过程中,民族地区拥有双重优势,是协同推进生态保护和“双碳”战略的排头兵。尽管潜力巨大,但是民族地区在碳达峰碳中和进程中仍面临挑战:能源消费以煤为主,能源结构调整缓慢;产业结构重型化问题突出,清洁能源产业发展滞后;帮扶政策制定有失偏颇,可再生能源认知亟须改善。民族地区应充分利用政府和市场、生产和消费双脉络构建“双碳”目标的政策机制;转变经济发展方式,持续优化产业结构,加快现代化建设步伐;因地制宜加快新能源发展速度,促进能源结构调整,拓宽电力外送通道;抓住区域合作新机遇,将资源优势转换为经济优势;探索建立深度融合模式,促进东中西部地区能源-生态-发展多维融合。Ethnic regions are important ecological barriers in China,and are also renewable energy-rich areas,with wind,solar,hydro and geothermal energy resources ranking among the top in China,and in the process of ecological civilization construction and the implementation of the“double carbon”strategy,ethnic regions have a double advantage,and are the first to promote ecological protection and the“double carbon”strategy.In the process of building ecological civilization and implementing the“double carbon”strategy,ethnic regions have the double advantage of being the front-runners in promoting ecological protection and“double carbon”strategy.Despite the great potential,ethnic regions still face challenges in the process of carbon neutralization:energy consumption is dominated by coal,and energy structure adjustment is slow;industrial structure is heavy,and the development of clean energy industry lags behind;the formulation of supportive policies is biased,and renewable energy awareness needs to be improved.Therefore,ethnic regions should make full use of government and market,production and consumption to build a policy mechanism with“double carbon”objectives;change the mode of economic development,continuously optimize the industrial structure,and accelerate the pace of modernization;speed up the development of new energy according to local conditions,promote the adjustment of energy structure,and broaden the power outbound channel;seize the new opportunity of regional cooperation to convert the advantages of resources into energy.New opportunities to convert resource advantages into economic advantages;explore the establishment of a deep integration model to promote the multi-dimensional integration of energy-ecology-development in the east,central and western regions.

关 键 词：碳中和 民族地区 可再生能源 区域协同 低碳转型 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]