论对外资企业约定境外机构仲裁的司法监督  

A Study on the Judicial Supervision of Foreign-Funded Enterprises’ Arbitration Agreement to Arbitrate by Foreign Institutions

作　　者：孔金萍 KONG Jinping(School of Law,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院,北京102488

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2023年第1期92-101,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金一般项目“平台经济反垄断规制研究”(22BFX105)。

摘　　要：中国司法实务通常以授权性条款为由限制外资企业将境内争议提交境外机构仲裁,除非双方都是在自由贸易试验区内成立的外商独资企业。上述限制存在如下问题:首先,不能彻底落实,反而导致仲裁协议效力不可预见,而且,即使适用上述限制,保护的也是违反仲裁协议的当事人。其次,仲裁协议是私法协议,中国却对其错误适用“法无授权即禁止”原则。再次,外资企业约定提交境外机构仲裁的仲裁协议是否具有涉外性的认定结果与适用程序之间存在矛盾,比如个案中虽然认定不具有涉外因素,但程序上却适用当时只有涉外案件才能适用的内部申报程序。考虑到法理上仲裁协议是私法协议,且当事人对可以仲裁的事项享有处分权,而《民法典》已经确立了“法无禁止即自由”原则,以及世界范围内尽量认可仲裁协议效力的国际商事仲裁趋势,应当认可该类仲裁协议的效力。也可借鉴《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》及新加坡等国做法,明确认可约定提交境外机构仲裁的情形构成涉外因素。Judicial practice in China usually restricts foreign-funded enterprises from submitting domestic disputes to overseas institutions for arbitration on the grounds of authorization clauses,unless both parties are wholly foreign-owned enterprises established in pilot free trade zones.The above-mentioned restrictions have the following problems.Firstly,not only do they fail to be fully implemented,but on the contrary,the validity of the arbitration agreement is unpredictable.And even if the above restrictions are applied,the parties who violate the arbitration agreement are protected.Secondly,the principle of “absence of legal authorization is prohibited” is applied incorrectly,although arbitration agreements are private agreements.Thirdly,there is a contradiction between the determination of whether such an arbitration agreement is foreign-related and the applicable procedures.For example,although it is determined that there is no foreign-related factor in a case,the internal declaration procedure that is only applicable to foreign-related cases at that time was applied procedurally.In view of the legal principle that the parties have the right to dispose of the matters that can be arbitrated,and the principle of “absence of legal prohibition means freedom” has been established in the Civil Code,as well as the trend of international commercial arbitration in which the effectiveness of arbitration agreements is recognized as much as possible in the world,the effectiveness of such arbitration agreements should be recognized.We can also learn from the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and Singapore etc.,clearly recognize that the situation of agreeing arbitration on the extraterritorial by overseas institutions constitutes a foreign-related factor.

关 键 词：仲裁协议 法无禁止即自由 外资 境外仲裁机构仲裁 涉外因素 

分 类 号：D925.7[政治法律—诉讼法学]