上颌快速扩大后年轻成人与儿童牙弓及腭弓形态的比较  

Comparison of Dental Arch and Palatal Arch Morphology in Young Adults and Children with Rapid Maxillary Enlargement

作　　者：李洁 漆昱君 张小君 刘冬巧 李继宏 王章正 LI Jie;QI Yujun;ZHANG Xiaojun;LIU Dongqiao;LI Jihong;WANG Zhangzheng(Department of Orthodontics,Zhengzhou Stomatological Hospital,Zhengzhou Henan 450000,China;Department of Stomatology,Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an Shanxi 710072,China;Department of Nursing,Zhengzhou Stomatological Hospital,Zhengzhou Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市口腔医院正畸科,河南郑州450000 [2]西北工业大学医院口腔科,陕西西安710072 [3]郑州市口腔医院护理部,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《临床研究》2023年第4期28-31,共4页Clinical Research

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20191152)。

摘　　要：目的 对比上颌快速扩大后的年轻成人和儿童牙弓及腭弓形态改变情况。方法 选择2020年6月至2022年6月郑州市口腔医院收治的82例上牙弓和上颌弓狭窄患者进行研究,其中包含年轻成人40例,儿童42例,比较结束矫治后年轻成人及儿童牙颌模型中牙弓宽度、腭角、腭弓宽度及磨牙角指标改变情况。结果 上颌快速扩大后,儿童及年轻成人在第一磨牙间的宽度、尖牙间的宽度、磨牙颊侧的牙槽宽度、磨牙角、腭角、腭中宽度、腭宽度差变化方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中儿童组第一磨牙间的宽度、尖牙间的宽度、磨牙颊侧的牙槽宽度、磨牙角、腭中宽度、腭宽度大于年轻成人组(P<0.05),腭角小于年轻成人组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组在第二双尖牙间的宽度、第一双尖牙间的宽度、龈处腭宽方面,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。儿童组第一磨牙、第二双尖牙、第一双尖牙和尖牙扩宽量相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),各部位之间基本成等量扩宽;年轻成人组的第一磨牙、第二双尖牙、第一双尖牙扩宽量相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与尖牙扩大量之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童第一磨牙扩宽量、尖牙扩宽量高于年轻成人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但第二双尖牙扩宽量、第一双尖牙扩宽量和年轻成人组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 上颌快速扩大矫治后,儿童、年轻成人的牙弓及腭弓形态改变存在区别,其中儿童的磨牙角、磨牙扩宽量及尖牙扩宽量大于年轻成人,年轻成人的腭弓角变化幅度大于儿童,提示儿童或者年轻成人采取上颌快速扩大矫治均有一定可行性,临床能通过该类矫治方法有效扩展上牙弓和上颌弓狭窄儿童、年轻成人的上牙弓和上颌弓宽度。Objective To compare the morphological changes of the dental arch and palatal arch in young adults and children after rapid maxillary enlargement.Methods A total of 82 patients with superior arch and maxillary arch stenosis admitted to Zhengzhou Stomatological Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected for this study,including 40 young adults and 42 children.The changes in dental arch width,palatal angle,palatal arch width,and molar angle indexes in the dental-maxillary model of young adults and children were compared after the end of the treatment.Results After rapid maxillary enlargement,there were statistically significant differences between children and young adults in the width between the first molar,the width between the cusp,the width of the buccal alveolar,the angle of the molar,the angle of the palate,the width of the middle palate and the difference of the width of the palate(P<0.05).The width between the first molar,the width between the fangs,the width of the buccal alveolar of the molar,the width of the molar angle,the width of the middle palate,and the width of the palate in the children group were higher than those in the young adult group(P<0.05),and the width of the palate angle was lower than that in the young adult group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the width between the second bicuspid teeth,the width between the first bicuspid teeth,and the width of the gums between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the width of the first molar,the second bicuspid,the first bicuspid,and the width of the canine in the children group(P>0.05),and the width between each part is equal.In the young adult group,there was no significant difference in the expansion of the first molar,second bicuspid,and first bicuspid(P>0.05),but there was a significant difference in the expansion of the fangs(P<0.05).The width of the first molar and fangs in children was higher than that in young adults,with statistical significance(P

关 键 词：年轻成人 儿童 上颌快速扩大 牙弓形态 腭弓形态 

分 类 号：R783.5[医药卫生—口腔医学]