黄土高原退耕还林生态服务权衡协同分析——以安塞县为例  

Trade-off and synergy analysis of ecological services of Grain for Green Program in Loess Plateau: A case study of Ansai County

作　　者：于航 金磊 谭炳香[1] 戚曌 沈明潭 牟少华[3] YU Hang;JIN Lei;TAN Bingxiang;QI Zhao;SHEN Mingtan;MOU Shaohua(Research Institute of Resource and Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Dalian Meteorological Service,Dalian 116001,Liaoning,China;International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091 [2]大连市气象局,辽宁大连116001 [3]中国林业科学研究院国际竹藤中心,北京100102

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第3期544-551,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202501,2019FY202504)资助。

摘　　要：黄土高原是我国水土流失和土地退化程度最为严重的区域之一,亦是退耕还林还草工程(以下简称:工程)的核心区。科学评估工程在黄土高原地区的实施成效及生态环境恢复效率可为区域生态系统管理提供决策支持。本文以陕西省延安市安塞县为例,采用InVEST模型评价工程对安塞县生态系统服务(土壤保持、洪水调节、碳储量、产水量)的影响,分析生态系统服务之间的权衡协同关系,模拟不同工程实施情景下安塞县的生态系统服务。2000—2015年,工程改变了安塞县的土地覆盖类型,与退耕还林相关的土地利用变化(耕地转为林地、灌木、草地等)面积为464.93 km^(2)(占研究区面积15.8%),其中退耕还草所占比例最高(71.8%)。工程实施后,各项生态系统服务都有所变化,其中洪水调节功能提高了33.4%,碳储量提高了39.6%,土壤保持提高了5.3%,产水量减少了22.4%。退耕情景分析表明(保持退耕还林还草面积与比例不变):在陡坡和河岸农田优先退耕还林(草)将显著提高土壤保持功能,且其他生态系统服务保持不变或略有下降。在距离河岸带约100 m以及陡坡耕地优先实施工程会减弱生态系统服务之间的权衡效应。本研究为工程规划提供更加合理的实施方案,提高生态治理的效果。The Loess Plateau is one of the regions characterized by the most serious soil erosion and land degradation in China, and also a critical area for the Grain for Green Program(GGP). This study aimed to assess the implementation effect of the GGP in the Loess Plateau and to inform ecological environment restoration for sustainable development. Ansai County of Shaanxi Province, a central area implementing the GGP in the Loess Plateau, was selected as the study area. InVEST model was used to assess the impacts of the GGP on the changes in ecosystem services(soil conservation, flood regulation, carbon storage, water yield). The trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services were analyzed, while ecosystem services under different implementation scenarios for the GPP were simulated. The results showed that GPP significantly changed land cover pattern of Ansai County from 2000 to 2015. The GPP-related change in land use(conversion of farmland to woodland, shrub land, grassland, etc.) was 464.93 km^(2)(accounting for 15.8% of the total area), of which the conversion of farmland to grassland accounted for the largest proportion(71.8%). After the implementation of GGP, flood regulation function increased by 33.4%, carbon storage increased by 39.6%, soil conservation increased by 5.3%, and water yield decreased by 22.4%. Results of scenario analysis showed that, under the conditions that the area and proportion of farmland returned to forest and grassland remain unchanged, the priority of returning farmland to forest(grassland) in steep slope and riparian farmland would significantly enhance soil conservation, while other ecosystem services remain unchanged or decline slightly. The GPP would weaken the trade-off effect among ecosystem services when riparian(100 m distance from a river) and steep-sloped farmlands are primarily converted. This study provides a reasonable implementation scheme for program planning and improves the effect of ecological governance.

关 键 词：退耕还林还草工程 生态系统服务 优先区 情景模拟 InVEST模型 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]