中国大学学科建设的世界坐标与未来抉择——基于软科2017—2021年世界一流学科排名的数据分析  

The World Coordinates and Future Choices of Disciplinary Construction in Chinese Universities——Based on Data Analysis of Ranking’s 2017-2021 World-class Subject Rankings

作　　者：解德渤 张晓慧[1] XIE Debo;ZHANG Xiaohui(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2023年第2期32-44,共13页Modern Education Management

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划青年基金项目“中国大学学科建设的历史考察与实践机制研究(1949—2019)”(CIA190277)。

摘　　要：“双一流”建设政策颁布实施以来,中国大学在学科建设方面取得长足进步。但其在国际学术竞争中究竟处于怎样的位置、哪些方面还有提升空间、未来如何进行战略布局等,依然是一系列有待澄清的问题。这不仅关乎第一轮“双一流”建设的成效评价,而且影响着高等教育强国的建设方向及其进程。基于此,以软科2017—2021年世界一流学科排名为依据进行数据统计,结果表明:近年来中国大学学科建设颇有成效,呈现出进步态势,当前位居世界第二,并有望在2030—2035年超越美国。从五大领域来看,中国大学在工学领域表现亮眼,2020年超越美国跃居世界第一;生命科学和理学领域表现愈加强劲,居世界第二、第三,但与美国相比差距较大;社会科学和医学领域还有待付出更大努力,暂居世界第六、第七。对此,未来“双一流”建设应坚持学科均衡发展战略,即实行理工融合发展、推行生命科学与医学协同发展、坚持社会科学的国际对话理念以及发展学科建设优势联盟。Since the promulgation and implementation of the “Double First-class” construction policy, the discipline construction of Chinese universities has made great progress. However, what is the position of Chinese universities in the international academic competition, which areas have room for improvement, and how to make strategic arrangements in the future are still a series of questions that need to be clarified. That is not only related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the first round of “Double First-class” construction, but also affects the direction and progress of building a great power of higher education. Based on those, the article uses the 2017-2021 ranking of the world’s first-class disciplines of Shanghai Ranking as the analysis basis. The results show that the discipline construction of Chinese universities has been quite effective and showing a trend of progress in recent years. Currently, China ranks second in the world, and is expected to surpass America in 2030-2035. From the perspective of five major fields, Chinese universities has performed well in the field of engineering, and has surpassed America to rank the first in the world since 2020.Its performance is getting stronger and stronger in the field of life sciences and science, respectively ranking second and third in the world, but there is still a big gap compared with America. More efforts need to be made in the fields of social sciences and medicine for Chinese universities, temporarily ranking sixth and seventh in the world.Therefore, “Double First-class” construction should adhere to a balanced development strategy in the future which is the integration of science and engineering, the coordinated development of life sciences and medicine, the adherence to the concept of international dialogue in social sciences, and the formation of a superior alliance for discipline construction.

关 键 词：“双一流” 学科建设 学科排名 成效评价 国际学术竞争 

分 类 号：G649.21[文化科学—高等教育学]