海洋环境中微/纳米塑料对浮游生物的毒性效应研究进展  

Research Progress on the Toxic Effects of Micro/Nanoplastics on Plankton in the Marine Environment

作　　者：刘星辰 周超 徐艳格 LIU Xing-chen;ZHOU Chao;XU Yan-ge(School of Marine Science and Technology of Zhejiang Ocean Unicersity,National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院,浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期57-68,共12页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University：Natural Science

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(LQ18D060006);舟山市科技局“浙江海洋大学科技专项”(2019C21095);国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作研究项目(42020104009)。

摘　　要：全球备受关注的污染物——微/纳米塑料(MNPs),广泛分布于全球水环境中,严重危害着海洋生物,对海洋生态环境造成了威胁。浮游生物在海洋中总量大,是海洋食物网的重要联通者,在海洋生态系统中具有重要地位。近年来,由于全球塑料制品的使用量上升,严重影响浮游生物的个体及种群数量,需引起广泛重视。本文综述了MNPs的污染现状、MNPs在海洋环境中的迁移转化,阐述了MNPs在海洋生物中的生物积累和生物放大作用,并以浮游生物的代表物种(细菌、藻类、桡足类和轮虫)为对象,从生理响应、毒性机制、影响毒性因素以及与其他污染物的联合效应等几个方面,系统阐述了MNPs对浮游生物的毒性效应。并通过分析目前对MNPs的研究情况,指出MNPs已普遍对浮游生物造成影响,并提出利用MNPs治理海洋生态环境的可能性。为未来MNPs对海洋生物的毒性作用,甚至影响人类健康方面的研究提供参考。Micro/nanoplastics(MNPs),a pollutant of global concern,are widely distributed in the global aquatic environment,seriously harming marine life and posing a threat to marine ecosystems.Plankton,in large quantities in the oceans,are important linkers in the marine food web and have an important position in the marine ecosystem.In recent years,the rising use of plastic products worldwide has seriously affected the individual and population size of plankton and requires extensive attention.This paper reviews the current pollution status of MNPs,the migration and transformation of MNPs in the marine environment,describes the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of MNPs in marine organisms,and takes representative species of plankton(bacteria,algae,copepods and rotifers)as the target,and systematically describes the physiological response,toxicity mechanism,factors affecting toxicity and the combined effect with other pollutants,etc.The toxicity effects of MNPs on planktonic organisms were systematically described in terms of physiological responses,toxicity mechanisms,factors affecting toxicity and combined effects with other pollutants.Through the analysis of the current research on MNPs,it is pointed out that MNPs have generally affected plankton and the possibility of using MNPs to manage the marine ecological environment is proposed.It provides a reference for future research on the toxic effects of MNPs on marine organisms and even on human health.

关 键 词：微纳米塑料 浮游生物 生物积累 生物放大 毒理机制 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]