政治哲学视域中的墨家“尚同”学说新解  

On Mohist’s Theory of“Exalting Unity”From the Perspective of Political Philosophy

作　　者：张万强 Zhang Wanqiang(College of Humanities,Xidian University,Xi’an,710100)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学人文学院,西安710100

出　　处：《鹿城学刊》2022年第4期15-20,47,共7页Journal of Lucheng

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目“墨家‘民本’理念的政治哲学研究”(18YJC720031)阶段成果。

摘　　要：“尚同”说是墨家对以天子为首的科层政制结构及其天下治理之道的理论构想。近代以来,梁启超等对“尚同”作出了“民约论”的政治哲学解读,但这一解读随后遭到了郭沫若等学者的批评,进而形成了对“尚同”的“专制论”解读。此后,学人对“尚同”的诠解或在此两条理路间辗转求解,或欲打破此两条理路寻求新解。拓宽墨家论述“尚同”学说的文本界限,可以从“尚同”的人性需求、实现形式与道义约束原则三个方面重构此一学说,得出其存在有道义理念层面的“民本”与施政形式层面的“威权”两层义涵。此两层义涵显露出墨家欲将政治问题划归为道义问题,并以道义方式解决治乱难题的政治哲学致思理路。“Exalting Unity”is the Mohist’s theoretical conception of the bureaucratic political structure headed by the emperor and the way of governing the world.It has obvious political philosophical implications.Interpretation of the“Autocratic Theory”of“Shangtong”.Since scholars’interpretation of the political philosophy of“Exalting Unity”has either tossed between these two theories to find a solution,or tried to break the two theories to seek new interpretations.If the textual boundaries of the Mohist theory of“Shangtong”are broadened,this theory can be reconstructed from three aspects:the human needs of“Shangtong”,the form of realization and the principle of moral restraint,and it is concluded that its existence has a moral concept.“People-oriented”and“authoritarian”in the form of governance have two meanings.These two layers of meaning also reveal the political philosophy of Mohists to classify political issues as moral issues and solve the problem of chaos in a moral way.And the possible contradictions of this consistent line of thinking make the Mohist theory of“shangtong”with an obvious“utopian”color.

关 键 词：墨学 尚同 民本 威权 政治哲学 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学] B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]