平地横风环境动车组非定常气动特性的试验研究  

Experimental research on unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of EMU in crosswind environment

作　　者：崔志国 黄尊地 周镇斌 常宁 公衍军 CUI Zhiguo;HUANG Zundi;ZHOU Zhenbin;CHANG Ning;GONG Yanjun(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;School of Rail Transportation,Wuyi University,Jiangmen 529020,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]五邑大学轨道交通学院,广东江门529020

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第3期802-811,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金—青年基金资助项目(2019A1515111052)。

摘　　要：在定常横风环境影响下,动车组在平地工况运行的稳定性、舒适性及安全性将会恶化。为了揭示其恶化的机理,开展动车组在平地工况伴随定常横风下运行的风洞试验,得到列车表面压力随时间变化的曲线后,再对列车受到的非定常气动载荷时域特性和频域特性进行分析。风洞测试结果表明:在相同风速和同一风向角下,平地动车组车体表面迎风侧1~8号测点和背风侧9~16号测点,其同侧各测点压力平均值在一定范围内波动,总体相差不大。当风向角为90°时,测点压力的幅值和最值随风速的增大而增大,其平均值与风洞来流风速的二次方成正比,即非定常气动压力振动剧烈,波动幅度明显增大。当合成风风速为60 m/s时,测点气动压力的平均值、最小值和最大值随风向角增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,呈现正弦函数变化规律;当风向角增加到75°时,出现拐点,即最值点;车体表面两侧测点的幅值随风速的增大而增大,即非定常气动压力振动剧烈,振动幅度明显增大。而横风风速和风向角对非定常气动载荷的主振动频率带的影响不大;车体中部两侧测点的频率峰值均集中在0~18 Hz范围内,主振动频率均集中在0~4 Hz区间内,还明显存在频率为4~6 Hz,6~8 Hz和10~14 Hz的3个频域带。研究结论可为高速动车组、城际动车组的车体设计提供理论依据和数据参考。Under the influence of the steady cross wind environment,the stability,comfort and safety of the EMU running in flat ground conditions will deteriorate.In order to reveal the mechanism of its deterioration,a wind tunnel test was carried out for the EMU to run under the condition of flat ground with steady cross wind.Obtaining the curve of the train surface pressure changing with time,the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the unsteady aerodynamic load on the train are analyzed.The test results of wind tunnel are shown as follows.Under the same wind speed and the same wind direction angle,measuring points No.1~8 are on the windward side,and No.9~16 are on the leeward side of the surface of EMU running on level ground.The average pressure of each measuring point on the same side fluctuates within a certain range,and the overall difference is not big.When the wind angle is 90°,the amplitude and maximum value of the pressure at the measuring point increase with the increase of the wind speed,and the average value is proportional to the square of the wind speed of the wind tunnel.That is,unsteady aerodynamic pressure vibrates violently,and the fluctuation range increases significantly.When the synthetic wind speed is 60 m/s,the average,minimum and maximum aerodynamic pressure of the measuring point increases first and then decreases with the increase of the wind angle,showing a sinusoidal function change law.When the wind angle increases to 75°,the inflection point appears,that is,the maximum point.The amplitude of the measurement points on both sides of the vehicle body surface increases with the increase of wind speed,that is,the unsteady aerodynamic pressure vibrates violently,and the vibration amplitude increases significantly.However,the crosswind wind speed and wind angle have little effect on the main vibration frequency band of the unsteady aerodynamic load.The frequency peaks of the measuring points on both sides of middle car body are concentrated in the range of 0~18 Hz.The main vibration

关 键 词：横风环境 动车组 非定常气动特性 试验研究 车体设计 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]