我国候车室环境微生物污染现状及影响因素分析  

Status of indoor microbial pollution and its influencing factors in station waiting rooms of China

作　　者：罗姣 苏丽琴[1] 韩旭[1] 刘航[1] 李莉[1] 葛覃兮[1] 郭文宏[1] 莫杨[1] 王先良[1] 姚孝元[1] LUO Jiao;SU Li-qin;HAN Xu;LIU Hang;LI Li;GE Tan-xi;GUO Wen-hong;MO Yang;WANG Xian-liang;YAO Xiao-yuan(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Surveillance,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室、中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2023年第2期85-91,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600501);全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目;健康建筑产业技术创新战略联盟开放基金(202101)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国火车和长途汽车候车室室内环境微生物污染现状,探讨候车室室内空气及物体表面微生物污染的主要影响因素。方法利用2021年度“全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目”中177家汽车站候车室,89家火车站候车室的监测数据。采用Mann-Whitney U检验和χ2检验比较不同分组之间空气菌落总数、空气真菌总数、物体表面菌落总数及超标率的差异。采用Logistic回归分析微生物污染水平的主要影响因素。结果南方长途汽车站候车室室内空气菌落总数及超标率均低于北方,空气真菌总数和座椅扶手表面菌落总数超标率高于北方;南方火车站候车室室内空气真菌总数及超标率均高于北方(P<0.05)。未发现候车室室内空气菌落总数、空气真菌总数和物体表面菌落总数存在季节差异。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:汽车站候车室室内空气真菌总数、座椅扶手菌落总数分别与温度和相对湿度均呈正相关,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.05(1.01~1.10)和1.03(1.02~1.06)、1.10(1.03~1.17)和1.02(1.01~1.04);火车站候车室室内空气真菌总数与相对湿度呈正相关,OR(95%CI)值为1.04(1.02~1.07)。结论我国火车和长途汽车站候车室室内微生物水平存在较大的南北差异,室内环境微生物的增加与温度和相对湿度增加有关。Objective To investigate the current status of indoor microbial pollution in waiting rooms of train and intercity bus station,and to explore the main influencing factors for microbial pollution in indoor air and on object surface in station waiting rooms.Methods The monitoring data of 177 intercity bus station waiting rooms and 89 train station waiting rooms were collected from the National Public Place Health Risk Factor Surveillance Program in 2021.Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used to compare differences of the total number of airborne bacterial colonies,the total number of airborne fungi,the total number of surface bacterial colonies and the unqualified rates among different groups.A logistic regression model was used to analyze the main influencing factors for indoor microbial pollution.Results In bus stations,the total number of airborne bacterial colonies and its unqualified rate were lower in South China than that in North China,and the unqualified rates of the total number of airborne fungi and armrest-surface total number of bacterial colonies were higher in South China than that in North China.In train stations,the total number of airborne fungi and its unqualified rate were higher in South China than that in North China(P<0.05).Seasonal differences were not observed in the total number of airborne bacterial colonies,the total number of airborne fungi and the total number of bacterial colonies on object surface in bus and train waiting rooms.Multivariate logistic regression analysis result showed that the total number of airborne fungi in the waiting room and the total number of bacterial colonies on the seat armrest were positively associated with temperature and relative humidity in bus stations,and the odds ratios with 95%confidence intervals were 1.05(1.01-1.10)and 1.03(1.02-1.06),1.10(1.03-1.17)and 1.02(1.01-1.04),respectively.The total number of airborne fungi was positively associated with relative humidity in the waiting room of train stations,and the odds ratio with 95%confidenc

关 键 词：候车室 室内空气 物体表面 菌落总数 真菌总数 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]