70~90 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素铜、铁、锌营养需要量研究  

Study on Nutrient Requirement of Mineral Elements Copper,Iron and Zinc of 70 to 90 kg Yak Calves

作　　者：操君 张博 段嘉钰 冯宇哲[1] 刘书杰[1] 杨得玉 张晓卫[1] 周磊 崔占鸿[1] CAO Jun;ZHANG Bo;DUAN Jiayu;FENG Yuzhe;LIU Shujie;YANG Deyu;ZHANG Xiaowei;ZHOU Lei;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Management Committee of Plateau Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Haiyan 810299,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]海北藏族自治州高原生态畜牧业科技示范园管委会,海晏810299

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第3期1705-1715,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023ZY017)。

摘　　要：为探究70~90 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素铜、铁、锌的分布规律及营养需要量,采用比较屠宰法,选取21头体质健康、体重[(60.44±4.59)kg]相近的公牦牛犊牛,随机分为3组,试验犊牛分别在平均体重达到73.61、81.96和96.53 kg时屠宰,即初期屠宰组(BL组)、中期屠宰组(M组)和末期屠宰组(F组)。对内脏(含血)、骨骼(含头蹄)、肌肉、脂肪、皮、毛称重并记录数据,测定各组织中矿物质元素铜、铁、锌含量,分析各组犊牛的生长性能、屠宰性能及矿物质元素体内分布规律,并建立70~90 kg牦牛犊牛矿物质元素铜、铁、锌净生长需要量预测模型。结果表明:1)随着牦牛犊牛体重增加,宰前活重(SBW)、空腹体重(EBW)、干物质采食量、胴体重、肉重、内脏(含血液)重、毛重均显著增加(P<0.05)。F组的骨重显著高于BL组和M组(P<0.05),M组的屠宰率显著高于BL组和F组(P<0.05)。2)铜、铁在内脏(含血)中的占比最高,锌在肌肉中的占比最高,铜、铁、锌在脂肪中占比均较低。3)牦牛犊牛体内铜、铁、锌含量与EBW具有高度相关性,70~90 kg牦牛犊牛铜、铁、锌的净生长需要量预测模型和净生长需要量分别为:铜净生长需要量=4.4025×EBW^(-0.1228),净生长需要量为2.65~2.72 mg/kg EBW;铁净生长需要量=94.4258×EBW^(0.0039),净生长需要量为95.88~95.97 mg/kg EBW;锌净生长需要量=5.1939×EBW^(0.4161),净生长需要量为26.55~29.19 mg/kg EBW。综上所述,本试验得出了70~90 kg牦牛犊牛铜、铁、锌净生长需要量参数及分布规律,为牦牛犊牛的科学饲养提供了一定的参考。In order to explore the distribution regularity and nutrient requirement of mineral elements copper,iron and zinc of 70 to 90 kg yak calves,twenty-one male yak calves with healthy physique and similar body weight[(60.44±4.59)kg]were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,the test calves were slaughtered at an average body weight of 73.61,81.96 and 96.53 kg,namely the initial slaughter group(BL group),the mid-term slaughter group(M group)and the final slaughter group(F group),respectively.The viscera(including blood),bone(including head and hoof),meat,fat,leather and fleece were weighed and recorded,the contents of mineral elements copper,iron and zinc in tissue were analyzed,the growth performance,slaughter performance and the distribution regularity of mineral elements in each group of calves were analyzed,and the predicted model of net growth requirements of mineral elements copper,iron and zinc of 70 to 90 kg yak calves was established.The results showed as follows:1)with the body weight of yak calves increased,the slaughter body weight(SBW),empty body weight(EBW),dry matter intake,carcass weight,meat weight,viscera(including blood)weight and fleece weight were significantly increased(P<0.05).The bone weight of F group was significantly higher than that of BL group and M group(P<0.05),and the dressing percentage of M group was significantly higher than that of BL group and F group(P<0.05).2)The proportion of copper and iron in the viscera(including blood)was the highest,the proportion of zinc in muscle was the highest,and the proportion of copper,iron and zinc in fat was less.3)The contents of copper,iron and zinc in body of yak calves were highly correlated with EBW,the predicted model of net growth requirements and net growth requirements of copper,iron and zinc of 70 to 90 kg yak calves were:the net growth requirement of copper=4.4025×EBW^(-0.1228),and the net requirement was 2.65 to 2.72 mg/kg EBW;the net growth requirement of iron=94.4258×EBW^(0.0039),and the net requirement was 95.88 to 95.97 mg/

关 键 词：牦牛犊牛 屠宰性能 铜 铁 锌 分布规律 净生长需要量 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]