哺乳期饲喂开食料对牦牛犊牛生长性能和肠道发育的影响  

Effects of Feeding Starter during Lactation on Growth Performance and Intestinal Development of Yak Calves

作　　者：安乐乐 郭文杰 操君 刘书杰[1] 杨得玉 崔占鸿[1] AN Lele;GUO Wenjie;CAO Jun;LIU Shujie;YANG Deyu;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第3期1716-1728,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究哺乳期饲喂开食料对牦牛犊牛生长性能和肠道发育的影响。选取体重[(30.79±3.43 kg)]相近的健康1月龄公牦牛犊牛20头,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组10头。预试期30 d,正试期165 d。第1~100天,对照组牦牛犊牛饲喂代乳粉和苜蓿干草,试验组牦牛犊牛饲喂代乳粉、苜蓿干草和开食料,2组牦牛犊牛饲喂等量的代乳粉,且2组干物质饲喂量相同;第101~165天,2组牦牛犊牛均停止饲喂代乳粉,改为饲喂等量的精粗组合饲粮。结果表明:1)在第1~100天,试验组牦牛犊牛的干物质采食量和体重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在第101~165天,试验组牦牛犊牛的体重和平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)试验组牦牛犊牛的回肠淋巴集结厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组牦牛犊牛十二指肠和空肠胰蛋白酶、回肠糜蛋白酶和盲肠α-淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而十二指肠糜蛋白酶以及结肠内的α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶活性均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验组和对照组之间牦牛犊牛空肠和结肠细菌区系操作分类单元(OTUs)和alpha多样性无显著差异(P>0.05)。在空肠中,门水平上厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度最高,且试验组的厚壁菌门相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);属水平上,试验组的拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella)相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在结肠中,门水平上厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度较高,并在2组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);属水平上,试验组的乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)在空肠中显著富集的代谢通路是苯丙氨酸代谢和缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解(P<0.05),差异代谢物有2-苯基乙胺、2-羟基苯乙酸和丙二酸二甲脂;在结肠中显著富集的代谢通路是烟酸和烟酰胺代谢、糖酵解/糖异生、柠檬酸循环(TCA�The purpose of the study was to explore effects of feeding starter during lactation on growth performance and intestinal development of yak calves.Twenty healthy 1-month-old male yak calves with similar body weight of(30.79±3.43)kg were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups(control group and test group),each group contained 10 calves.The pre-feeding period was 30 days,and the experimental period was 165 days.During days 1 to 100,the yak calves in control group were fed with milk replacer and alfalfa hay,the yak calves in test group were fed with milk replacer,alfalfa hay and starter,and the yak calves in two groups were fed with the same amount of milk replacer and the dry matter feeding amount.During days 101 to 165,the yak calves in two groups stopped feeding milk replacer,and changed to feeding the same amount of concentrate and forage combination diet.The results showed as follows:1)during days 1 to 100,the dry matter intake and body weight of yak calves in test group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05);during days 101 to 165,the body weight and average daily gain of yak calves in test group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).2)The peyer,s patches thickness in ileum of yak calves in test group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The activities of trypsin in duodenum and jejunum,chymotrypsin in ileum andα-amylase in cecum of yak calves in test group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),while the activities of chymotrypsin in duodenum andα-amylase,lipase and cellulase in colon were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).3)There was no significant difference in the operation classification units(OTUs)and alpha diversity of bacterial flora in jejunum and colon between test group and control group(P>0.05).In jejunum,the relative abundance of Firmicutes at phylum level was the highest,and the relative abu

关 键 词：牦牛犊牛 开食料 生长性能 肠道细菌区系 肠道代谢组 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]