苏北地区不同暂养阶段雄性中华绒螯蟹生长性能和营养品质的变化分析  

Changes in Growth and Nutritional Quality of Male Eriocheir sinensis in Different Hoarding Time in Northern Jiangsu

作　　者：吴春[1] 单金峰 周翰林 王信海[1] WU Chun;SHAN Jinfeng;ZHOU Hanlin;WANG Xinhai(Suqian Institute Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,宿迁223800

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第3期1870-1882,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金项目(SQCX202107);江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程项目(TJ-2022-036)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究暂养时长对苏北地区雄性中华绒螯蟹生长性能和营养品质的影响。选取平均体质量为(118.10±1.35)g的健康雄性中华绒螯蟹进行室外网箱越冬暂养,试验周期为90 d,每30 d采样1次,每次采样随机选取36只体格完整的试验蟹(每个网箱6只),检测生长指标以及常规营养成分、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。以暂养前(0 d)为对照,1~30 d为暂养第1阶段,31~60 d为暂养第2阶段,61~90 d为暂养第3阶段。结果显示:1)不同暂养时长试验蟹的体质量和出肉率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)随着暂养时间的延长,试验蟹的体质量、肝胰腺指数、出肉率、总可食率、存活率以及常规营养成分中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均呈下降趋势。第3暂养阶段试验蟹的总可食率和存活率显著低于对照和第1、2暂养阶段(P<0.05)。相比于对照,第2、3暂养阶段试验蟹的性腺指数显著升高(P<0.05),第3暂养阶段试验蟹的肝胰腺指数显著降低(P<0.05)。3)相比于对照,各暂养阶段试验蟹三大可食组织(肝胰腺、性腺、肌肉)中非必需氨基酸总量(ΣNEAA)和氨基酸总量(ΣTAA)均降低。4)随着暂养时间的延长,试验蟹三大可食组织中必需氨基酸总量(ΣEAA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量、多不饱和脂肪酸总量(ΣPUFA)均呈先上升后下降趋势,而饱和脂肪酸总量(ΣSFA)逐渐下降。5)第2暂养阶段试验蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中ΣPUFA和EPA+DHA含量显著高于对照(P<0.05)。由此可见,第1、2暂养阶段雄蟹存在营养流失现象,但营养品质有一定程度的改善,而第3暂养阶段雄蟹的生长性能和营养品质下降明显。在本试验条件下,建议雄蟹暂养时长不要超过60 d。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of hoarding time on the growth performance and nutritional quality of male Eriocheir sinensis(E.sinensis)in northern Jiangsu.Male healthy E.sinensis with the body weight of(118.10±1.35)g were selected in cages embedded in outdoor ponds.The test period was 90 d,and samples were sampled every 30 days.Detected growth parameters,the contents of conventional nutritional components,free amino acids and fatty acids of E.sinensis.Before hoarding(0 d)was control,1 to 30 d was the 1 st hoarding stage,31 to 60 d was the 2 nd hoarding stage,and 61 to 90 d was the 3 rd hoarding stage.The results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in body weight and meat yield(MY)of E.sinensis in different hoarding time(P>0.05).2)The body weight,hepatosomatic index(HSI),MY,total edible yield(TEY),survival rate(SR)and the contents of conventional nutritional components-crude protein,crude lipid and ash of E.sinensis showed a decreasing trend with the extension of hoarding time.The TEY and SR of E.sinensis in the 3 rd hoarding stage were significantly decreased compared with control and the 1 st and 2 nd hoarding stages(P<0.05).Compared with control,the gonadosomatic index(GSI)of E.sinensis in the 2 nd and 3 rd hoarding stages was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the HSI of E.sinensis in the 3 rd hoarding stage was significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control,the contents of total non-essential amino acid(ΣNEAA)and total amino acid(ΣTAA)of the three edible tissues(hepatopancreas,gonad and muscle)of E.sinensis in each hoarding stage were decreased.4)With the extension of hoarding time,the contents of total essential amino acids(ΣEAA),eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(ΣPUFA)of the three edible tissues increased firstly and then decreased,while the content of total saturated fatty acids(ΣSFA)decreased gradually.5)In the 2 nd hoarding stage,theΣPUFA and EPA+DHA content in hepatopancreas an

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 越冬暂养 生长性能 营养品质 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]