采收方式对调制后烟叶叶片和主脉TSNAs及前体物含量的影响  

Effects of Different Harvesting Methods on TSNAs and Precursors Content of Tobacco Lamina and Stem after Modulation

作　　者：张晶云 荣仕宾 秦艳青 吴疆 王俊 李晶晶 冯雨晴 赵园园 钟秋 史宏志[1] ZHANG Jingyun;RONG Shibin;QIN Yanqing;WU Jiang;WANG Jun;LI Jingjing;FENG Yuqing;ZHAO Yuanyuan;ZHONG Qiu;SHI Hongzhi(College of Tobacco Science/Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Xiangcheng County Tobacco Company of Henan Province,Xiangcheng 461700,China;Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company of CNTC,Chengdu 600041,China;Nanyang Municipal Tobacco Company of Henan Province,Nanyang 473000,China;Deyang Branch of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Deyang 618400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/烟草农业减害研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司许昌市公司襄城县分公司,河南襄城461700 [3]中国烟草总公司四川省公司,四川成都600041 [4]河南省南阳市烟草专卖局,河南南阳473000 [5]四川省烟草公司德阳市公司,四川德阳618400

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第2期57-65,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司南阳市公司科技项目(2020411300270065);四川省烟草公司资助项目(SCYC202124);上海烟草集团有限公司科技项目(TP2019-C4)。

摘　　要：为明确不同类型烟草采收方式对调制后烟叶叶片和主脉烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)及前体物含量的影响,分别以河南方城烤烟云烟87和四川什邡晒烟什烟1号、雪茄烟德雪3号为材料,设置摘叶采收、片脉分离采收和带茎采收3种方式,测定调制后烟叶叶片和主脉TSNAs及其前体物硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和生物碱含量。结果表明:烤烟叶片TSNAs和生物碱含量高于主脉,硝酸盐含量则低于主脉;晒烟和雪茄烟主脉硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和TSNAs含量均高于叶片,生物碱含量则低于叶片。不同采收方式对TSNAs及其前体物含量影响显著,对烤烟而言,叶片TSNAs及前体物含量以片脉分离处理最低,其中TSNAs总量较摘叶采收降低26.65%,叶片TSNAs含量在带茎采收和摘叶采收之间差异不显著;主脉中TSNAs含量以片脉分离采收最低,带茎采收处理最高。晒烟和雪茄烟叶片和主脉TSNAs及前体物含量总体显著高于烤烟,二者叶片中TSNAs及各前体物含量均以片脉分离采收处理最低,TSNAs总量分别比摘叶采收低60.53%和48.48%,二者叶片TSNAs总量以带茎采收最高,分别比摘叶采收增加40.23%和72.12%;晒烟和雪茄烟主脉中硝酸盐和TSNAs含量以摘叶采收最低,带茎采收最高。因此,采收方式对不同类型烟叶叶片和主脉的TSNAs及其前体物含量可产生不同程度影响,与摘叶采收相比,片脉分离采收可显著降低3种类型烟叶叶片中TSNAs含量,而带茎采收则可增加叶片和主脉TSNAs含量,但晒烟和雪茄烟叶片增加幅度较大,烤烟叶片增加幅度较小。In order to clarify the effects of tobacco harvesting methods on the contents of TSNAs and precursors in lamina and stem of different types of tobacco leaves after modulation,the samples of Henan Fangcheng flue‐cured tobacco Yunyan 87,Sichuan Shifang sun‐cured tobacco Shiyan 1,and cigar Dexue 3 were selected as materials.Three harvesting methods were set:leaf‐plucked haversting,lamina and stem separation harvesting and stalk‐cut harvesting.The contents of TSNAs and their precursors nitrate,nitrite and alkaloids in lamina and stem of tobacco leaves after modulation were determined.The result showed that the contents of TSNAs and alkaloids in flue‐cured tobacco lamina were higher than those in the stem,while the nitrate content was lower than that in the stem;the contents of nitrate,nitrite and TSNAs in the stem of sun‐cured tobacco and cigar tobacco were higher than those in lamina,while the content of alkaloids was lower than that in lamina.Different harvesting methods had significant effects on the content of TSNAs and its precursors.For flue‐cured tobacco,the content of TSNAs and precursors in lamina was the lowest in the treatment of lamina and stem separation haversting,and the total amount of TSNAs was 26.65%lower than that of leaf‐plucked haversting.There was no significant difference in lamina TSNAs content between the treatments with stalk‐cut harvesting and leaf‐plucked haversting.The TSNAs content in the stem was the lowest in the treatment of lamina and stem separation haversting,and the treatment with stalk‐cut harvesting was the highest.The contents of TSNAs and precursors in lamina and stem of sun‐cured tobacco and cigar tobacco were significantly higher than those of flue‐cured tobacco.The contents of TSNAs and precursors in lamina of both were the lowest in the treatment of separation of lamina and stem,and the total amount of TSNAs was 60.53%and 48.48%lower than that of leaf‐plucked haversting,respectively.The total amount of TSNAs of sun‐cured tobacco and cigar toba

关 键 词：烟叶 采收方式 烟草特有亚硝胺 叶片 主脉 前体物含量 硝酸盐 亚硝酸盐 生物碱 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]