贵州省贵安新区小学生视力不良横断面和监测与纵向追踪数据分析  

Cross-sectional, surveillance and longitudinal study of poor visual acuity in Gui’an New Distinct of Guizhou Province

作　　者：何万娅 朱焱[1] 汤鑫 覃会玲 蔡菁晖 聂颖 HE Wanya;ZHU Yan;TANG Xin;QIN Huiling;CAI Jinghui;NIE Ying(School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang(550025),China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第2期291-294,298,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-405)。

摘　　要：目的 了解小学生视力不良发展趋势及横断面监测与纵向设计数据特点,为儿童生长发育与健康相关研究提出建议。方法 以2021年贵州省贵安新区某镇秋季学期3 753名在校小学生为研究对象,以视力不良检出率为分析指标,对2021年在校小学生各年级的视力健康检查结果进行分析,并与该地2016级小学生2016—2021年视力不良监测及纵向追踪数据进行比较,对比分析各年级小学生视力不良检出率变化曲线、增幅及贡献率。结果 2021年该镇小学生视力不良检出率为25.6%,一至六年级小学生视力不良检出率曲线与监测和纵向追踪数据均不一致,监测和纵向追踪数据检出率趋势大致相同,即2021年一至六年级小学生视力不良检出率先降低后升高,呈U型;监测和纵向数据一至六年级视力不良检出率随年级的增高逐渐升高,呈线型。2021年横断面数据显示,小学生视力不良检出率贡献率最高的为一年级(87.0%),监测、纵向数据均为四年级(45.0%,33.9%)。结论 横断面、监测与纵向追踪3种设计数据提供的视力不良连续性发展趋势的准确性由低到高,但资料的获取与保存从易到难。应在横断面数据的基础上完善电子化信息系统,逐步形成完整的监测与纵向资料,并将不同资料结合运用,以提供更为准确的信息。Objective To understand the development trend of poor vision among primary students through cross-sectional, surveillance and longitudinal analysis, so as to put forward some suggestions on adolescents’ growth and health. Methods Visual data of 3 753 pupils were inclucled for analysis from Gui’an New Distinct, Guizhou Province in autumn semester 2021, and were compared with data collected during the year of 2016-2021. The curve, increment and contribution rate of poor vision from each grade of the three designs were contrasted. Results In 2021, poor vision rate among pupils in this town was 25.6%. The curve of poor vision rate in cross-sectional data was U-shaped with significant rise followed by decline which was different from monitoring and longitudinal tracking data, and the trend of poor vision rate of monitoring and longitudinal tracking data were linear with continued increases. The cross-sectional data in 2021 showed that the highest contribution rate of poor vision rate of pupils was in grade 1(87.0%), while other data showed that those were both in grade 4(45.0%, 33.9%). Conclusion The accuracy of the development trend of poor vision is lowest in cross-sectional analysis and highest in longitudinal analysis. However, data acquisition and preservation is easy in cross-sectional study and difficult in longitudinal study. It is necessary to improve the electronic information system based on cross-sectional data to gradually form a complete monitoring and longitudinal tracking data, and combine different data to provide more accurate information.

关 键 词：视力 低 横断面研究 纵向研究 学生 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科] G627.8[医药卫生—临床医学]