差别原则与美国高等教育领域中的平等问题  

Difference Principle and Equality Issue in America’s Higher Education

作　　者：张鑫宇 ZHANG Xinyu(School of Sociology and Political Science,Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学社会与政治学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2023年第3期93-101,共9页Journal of Yibin University

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划“学习贯彻习近平总书记‘七一’重要讲话精神”专项课题“坚持以人民为中心发展全过程人民民主研究:以安徽实践为例”(AHSKXZX2021D09)。

摘　　要：罗尔斯在《正义论》中提出的两个正义原则反映了其对正义本质和目的的探究,其中差别原则是在他对社会经济生活中的不平等现象进行思考的基础上形成的,体现其对平等的追求和对社会中最不利者的关怀。尽管罗尔斯强调平等的重要性,但他并不排斥不平等,在他看来,收入最低、拥有财富最少的那部分人就是最不利者,为增进最不利者利益而存在的不平等是可以存在的。教育是与收入和财富水平息息相关的重要因素,而教育平等也是社会平等的一个重要方面。美国的“肯定性行动计划”在高等教育领域的相关政策反映其为促进教育平等和社会平等所作的努力,这是罗尔斯的差别原则在教育领域得以运用的重要例证。The two principles of justice put forward by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice reflect his thinking over the nature and purpose of justice. Out of the two, the difference principle was conceived and derived from his contemplation on socioeconomic inequality, underscoring his pursuit of equality and compassion towards the disadvantaged. Regardless of Rawls’ emphasis on the significance of equality, he never condemned inequality. From his perspectives, the lowest-income and least-wealthy population group is the most disadvantaged in society, and according to him, inequality generated out of the purpose of improving the interests of the most disadvantaged group is justified. Education is a key factor so tightly knitted with income and wealth,while equal access to education is a crucial component of social equality. In fact, the promulgation of higher education policies driven by America’s affirmative action plan was not only a reflection of the country’s efforts in promoting equality in both education and society, but also a case in point reassuring the applicability of Rawls’ difference principle in education.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 正义原则 差别原则 教育平等 肯定性行动计划 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学] D08[文化科学—教育学]