实验动物非麻醉安乐死技术的伦理学探讨  

Ethical analysis of non-anesthetic euthanasia for experimental animals

作　　者：张道涵 邵红霞[1] ZHANG Daohan;SHAO Hongxia(School of Basic Medical Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学基础医学院,上海200032

出　　处：《中国比较医学杂志》2023年第3期82-89,共8页Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine

摘　　要：对实验动物实施仁慈终点,是动物实验伦理的基本要求,除了被广为接受的麻醉法安乐死,非麻醉手段的使用也极为普遍。本文以动物实验伦理的“3R”原则和实验动物福利的“五项自由”为准则,系统探讨了断颈、颈椎脱臼两大非麻醉安乐死方法的伦理正当性,分析了空气栓塞法、液氮冰冻法、放血法、窒息法等作为安乐死方法存在的伦理问题及改进对策,并探讨了多种安乐死方法综合应用的可行性,为处于使用非麻醉安乐死方法伦理困境中的实验者提供借鉴和思路。Euthanasia of laboratory animals is among the fundamentals of animal experimental ethics.Apart from the widely accepted euthanasia method involving anesthesia,non-anesthesia method are also commonly used.On the basis of the“3R”principle of animal experimental ethics and the“five freedoms”of experimental animal welfare,we systematically discuss the ethical legitimacy of two non-anesthetic euthanasia method,decapitation and cervical dislocation.Additionally,potential ethical problems and possible improvements of air embolism,liquid nitrogen freezing,bloodletting,and apnea as euthanasia method are discussed.We also propose feasible approaches of euthanasia involving integrative method.Our analysis may assist researchers in performing ethical non-anesthesia euthanasia.

关 键 词：实验动物 动物实验伦理 安乐死 断颈 颈椎脱臼 

分 类 号：R-33[医药卫生]