生态学的科学图景——基于生态系统作为概念母体的多样性理论  

The Scientific Picture of Ecology:Diversity Theory Based on Ecosystem as Conceptual Matrix

作　　者：郑慧子[1] ZHENG Hui-zi(School of Philosophy and Public Administration,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学哲学与公共管理学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2023年第2期13-20,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“生态学范式争论的哲学研究”(16ZDA112);国家社会科学基金项目“生态学的‘科学危机'及其实践形式研究”(15BZX038);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划(2023-CXTD-04)。

摘　　要：生态学作为一门科学学科的研究主题的分裂是导致其至今不能成为一门成熟科学和没有发展出一般理论的根本原因,消除这一障碍则构成了生态学走向成熟的逻辑起点。生态学究竟是以种群和群落还是以生态系统作为其研究主题,本质上是一个选择的问题。事实上,只有生态系统是与生态学的研究主题唯一相对应的实体存在形式,因此,基于生态系统建构一个统一的生态学的理论框架是可行的:首先基于生态系统作为生态学的理论框架的概念母体,可以实现一般意义上的生态学的概念分类体系的建构,它由纵向和水平两个分类体系构成;进而通过生态系统水平上的科学抽象,可以得到一个建立在生态系统间的不可归并性基础上的具有普遍意义的科学理论形式,即多样性理论。The split state in its research subject of ecology as a scientific discipline is the fundamental reason that ecology so far cannot become a mature science and has not developed a universal theory,and the elimination of this obstacle constitutes the logical starting point to the ecology approaching a mature science.Whether research subject of ecology is population and community or ecosystem is essentially a matter of choice.In fact,ecosystem is the only existing form of reality corresponding to the research subject of ecology.As a result,it is feasible to construct a unified theoretical framework of ecology based on ecosystem:first,based on ecosystem as the conceptual matrix of the theoretical framework of ecology,the concept classification system of ecology in general sense can be constructed,which consists of vertical and horizontal classification systems;then through the scientific abstraction at the ecosystem level,a universal scientific theory form,namely the diversity theory,can be established based on the incompatibilities among ecosystems.

关 键 词：生态学 研究主题 生态系统 概念母体 多样性理论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]