稀有鮈鲫集群行为在生物早期预警系统中的应用研究  

Application of Shoaling Behavior of Rare Minnow in Biological Early Warning Systems

作　　者：邱宁 李文静[1] 钟鸣 周成成 王剑伟[1] Qiu Ning;Li Wenjing;Zhong Ming;Zhou Chengcheng;Wang Jianwei(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Technology on Water Transport,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Ministry of Transport,National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology,Tianjin 300456,China;Changjiang Wuhan Waterway Engineering Bureau,Wuhan 430072,China;Changjiang Waterway Survey Design and Research Institute(Wuhan)Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所,水路交通环境保护技术交通行业重点实验室,港口水工建筑技术国家工程研究中心,天津300456 [3]长江武汉航道工程局,武汉430072 [4]长江航道勘察设计院(武汉)有限公司,武汉430072

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2023年第1期371-379,共9页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家水生生物种质资源库(NABRC)。

摘　　要：以鱼类为指示生物的生物早期预警是一种高效快捷的水体污染物生态损害预警技术,然而,将鱼类的集群行为应用于生物早期预警的研究目前还较为缺乏。以稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)为实验对象,使用“集群分数”量化参数对其健康状态下的集群行为进行了观测和量化。根据24 h急性毒性暴露实验结果,通过梯度暴露实验和突发污染模拟实验2种方式测试了暴露于镉离子(Cd^(2+))、对氯苯胺和间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐(MS222)3种化学品下的稀有鮈鲫集群行为变化情况。结果表明,稀有鮈鲫具有明显的集群行为,其集群分数处于3~5之间,且对化学品的暴露具有明显的变化响应。3种化学品1 h暴露下对稀有鮈鲫集群行为的最低有影响浓度(LOEC)分别为3 mg·L^(-1)(Cd^(2+))、10 mg·L^(-1)(对氯苯胺)和11 mg·L^(-1)(MS222),且稀有鮈鲫的集群分数对化学品暴露的反应较为灵敏且迅速,在3种化学品加入后的10 min内即表现出明显的响应。因此集群分数是一种可用于量化鱼类集群行为的良好参数,且稀有鮈鲫的集群行为是一种可用于生物早期预警的优良行为指标,可用于Cd^(2+)、MS222和对氯苯胺等化学品突发水体污染的早期生物预警。Use of fish as biological early warning indicator for ecological hazards of water pollutants is efficient and fast.However,there is still a lack of attempts to apply fish shoaling behavior to biological early warning.Herein,cluster score was used to evaluate and quantify shoaling behavior of rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)in their health state.Combined with the results of 24 h acute toxicity exposure experiment,the response of rare minnow shoaling behavior to Cd^(2+),MS222 and p-chloroaniline was tested by gradient exposure experiment and burst pollu-tion simulation experiment.The results showed that rare minnow had obvious shoaling behavior with a cluster score between 3 and 5,which changed significantly when exposed to chemicals.The LOEC values of shoaling behavior of rare minnow exposed to Cd^(2+),MS222 and p-chloroaniline for 1 h were 3,11 and 10 mg·L^(-1),respective-ly.The shoaling behavior of rare minnow was sensitive to the chemical reaction and showed obvious response within 10 min after exposure to the three chemicals.Therefore,cluster score is an excellent quantitative parameter of fish shoaling score,and the shoaling behavior of rare minnow is a great indicator of biological early warning.

关 键 词：稀有鮈鲫 行为毒性 集群行为 生物早期预警 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]