欧盟涉外劳动合同法律适用研究:规则、实践与启示  

Research on Legal Application of Foreign-Related Employment Contract in EU:The Rules,Practice and Enlightenment

作　　者：班小辉[1,2] 丁怡涵 BAN Xiaohui;DING Yihan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]武汉大学劳动与社会保障法研究中心

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2023年第1期32-59,155,共29页Journal of International Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字经济下我国劳动法面临的挑战与转型研究”(项目编号:19CFX077)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《罗马条例Ⅰ》确立了欧盟涉外劳动合同法律适用的基本规则,赋予当事人有限的协议选择法律的自由,在当事人未协议选法时根据客观连结点以及最密切联系原则确定准据法,并就法院地国和合同履行地国的优先性强制性规定确立了不同的适用规则,实现了当事人意思自治与劳动者权益保护的体系平衡。我国虽建立了涉外劳动合同法律适用规则,但存在强制性规定认定宽泛与功能错位、冲突规范关系模糊与适用混乱等问题。借鉴欧盟经验,我国应当坚持强制性规定适用的谦抑性,谨防强制性规定的滥用;允许优先适用当事人协议选择的法律,并引入有利于劳动者权益保护原则,避免劳动者权益受到私法自治的侵害;细化现有客观连结点的内涵,并将最密切联系原则作为例外条款。RomeⅠRegulation has provided basic provisions about the legal applicable rules of Foreign-Related Employment Contract in the EU,and achieves the systematic balance between party autonomy and the protection of the interest of workers.According to RomeⅠRegulation,the parties have the freedom to choose the lex causae with some limitations.In the absence of a choice of law,the objective connecting points and the most significant relationship principle would be used to determine the applicable law.It also stipulates the overriding mandatory provisions of the law of the forum and foreign countries.The legal application rules of Chinese foreign-related employment contract still have some problems,including the misunderstanding and misapplication of the mandatory provisions,and the vague and chaotic application of conflict rules.Drawing the experiences from the EU,the legislation should limit the scope of the mandatory provisions,avoid abuse in practice,and allow the parties to choose laws by agreement,which should be preferentially applied.The principle of protecting the interest of workers shall be applied to avoid damage to the interest of employees by private autonomy.The law also should refine the connotation of objective connecting points and introduce the most significant relationship principle as an exception clause.

关 键 词：欧盟国际私法 《罗马条例Ⅰ》 涉外劳动合同 冲突规范 强制性规定 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]