海洋养殖环境微生物多样性及其作用  

Diversity and Roles in Mariculture Environment

作　　者：曾琦 张敬 崔林青[1,2,4] 何伟宏 ZENG Qi;ZHANG Jing;CUI Lin-qing;HE Wei-hong(S.Mar.Sci.&Engin.Guangdong Lab.(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458;Key Lab.of Tropical Mar.Bio-Res.&Ecol.,S.China Sea Inst.of Oceanol.,Chinese Acad.of Sci.,Guangzhou 510301;Mar.Environ.Engin.Ctr.,S.China Sea Inst.of Oceanol.,Chinese Acad.of Sci.,Guangzhou 510301;Uni.of Chinese Acad.of Sci.,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州510301 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋环境工程中心,广东广州510301 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2023年第1期108-121,共14页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0402,GML2019ZD0403);。

摘　　要：微生物是海洋养殖环境和海洋牧场生态系统中的关键环境因素之一,在牧场环境的物质循环、水质保障、饵料供应、水产健康等方面起重要作用,是营造海洋牧场环境且影响其可持续发展的重要因素。主要围绕海洋养殖环境中的病原微生物以及有益微生物两方面,概述了我国海洋养殖环境常见的病原性细菌、真菌、病毒以及相应的病害防治措施等,并介绍了海洋养殖环境中能够改善海水养殖环境,包括降低水体氨氮含量、降解水体硫化物、抑制赤潮藻类的生长等以及直接促进海水养殖生物生长的有益功能微生物类群。目前,我国关于海洋牧场环境营造过程中微生物的研究仍很少,而与海洋牧场环境有一定相似性的海水养殖环境中微生物的研究较为成熟,其对海洋牧场环境健康营造有很好的启示。海洋水产养殖环境中微生物的新功能菌种的发现、作用机制以及功能菌应用等方面的深入研究将会对我国大力推进海洋牧场建设起到重要的作用。Microorganism,as one of the key factors in mariculture environments and marine ranching ecological system,plays important roles in material circulation,water quality guarantee,bait supply,aquatic products health,and other aspects.Microorganisms are also vital factors in the construction and sustainable development of marine ranching environments.Focusing on the pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms,this paper mainly summarized centering on common pathogenic bacteria,fungi,viruses in mariculture environment and their corresponding diseases controlling measures,and introduces microbial groups in sea ranching environment and several beneficial functional microorganisms,including those can directly promote the growth of mariculture microorganisms,and improve the mariculture environment by reducing water ammonial nitrogen content,degradable water sulfide,inhibiting the growth of red tide algae.At present,study on the microbial role during construction process of the marine ranching is still a tip of iceberg I China.Yet,study on microorganisms in the marine aquaculture environment,similar slightly with marine ranching,is relatively mature,and will well enlighten to the construction of healthy sea ranching.Therefore,the discovery of new functional microbial strains,the deepening study on action mechanism as well as the application of functional bacteria in marine aquaculture environment and so on are very significant to vigorous promotion of the construction marine ranching in China.

关 键 词：海洋牧场 海水养殖 病原微生物 有益菌 环境营造 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]