民事诉讼诉讼标的基础论  

On the Theoretical Basis of the Subject Matter of the Claim in Civil Litigation

作　　者：曹志勋[1] Cao Zhi-xun

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第1期134-147,共14页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金青年项目“我国民事诉讼标的识别的诉讼法进路研究”(项目编号:18CFX033)的研究成果。

摘　　要：诉讼标的是民事诉讼法学中的核心概念与研习难点。应辨析诉讼标的与理论上抽象的民事之诉、当事人具体追求的诉讼请求与对应事实上发生的诉讼程序的诉讼三个概念的差别。围绕诉讼标的的诉讼法问题主要是诉讼标的的概念和诉讼标的的识别标准,同时诉讼标的理论也与诉的系属、合并、变更和既判力等更具体的理论问题密切相关。实体请求权竞合的情形是适用诉讼标的理论的典型案件,需要了解旧实体法说、诉讼法说和新实体法说这三种代表性学说,其分别以实体法或者诉讼法上的因素作为识别诉讼标的数量的标准,但也都分别存在理论解释不周延或者不清晰的问题。在我国现行法上,司法解释中的诉讼标的、诉讼请求和新的事实的认定是三个关键问题,解决实务问题时也需要考虑配套制度的协同。最后,博智案是近年来最高法院参与处理诉讼标的问题的系列案,其体现了诉讼法说的观点,更值得我们作为进一步观察的样本。The subject matter of the claim is the core concept of the study of civil procedure which is difficult to understand. Therefore, the following difference shall be noticed, which including the concept and the even more abstract concept of civil claim, the concrete claim for relief sought by parties and the civil process which represents the disputed case itself. Besides the definition as well as the identification of the subject matter of the claim as two major procedural issues, the pendency, consolidation and modification of claims together with the res judicata effect of a final judgment shall be examined. The concurrence of substantive rights represents the major situation which the theory of the subject matter of the claim ought to handle with. There are primarily three leading doctrines: the traditional theory of substantive law, the new theory of substantive law and the theory of procedural law. All of them have certain deficiencies during application and interpretation. In Chinese law, the concepts of the subject matter of the claim, claim for relief and new facts, which are used literally in the judicial interpretation on Civil Procedure Law, are the keywords for any further legal development while there are multiple related legal institutions to be supplemented. Lastly, the Bozhi case is partially adjudicated by the Supreme People’s Court and deserves our attention to dig into the real judicial practice.

关 键 词：诉讼标的 诉讼请求 民事裁判 给付之诉 请求权竞合 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]