检察机关排除非法证据的模式重构——以《刑事诉讼法》第56条为视角  

Procuratorate’s reconstruction of the model of excluding illegal evidence——From the perspective of Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Law

作　　者：高敔馨 Gao Yuxin(Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报》2023年第1期39-47,共9页Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

摘　　要：《刑事诉讼法》第56条无差别地赋予公检法三机关在各自诉讼阶段排除非法证据的义务,但从实践面向出发,审前阶段的非法证据排除缺乏规范性与实效性,在操作层面也异变为检警重塑证据的把关程序。因此,有必要以检察机关为切入视角,探索审前适用非法证据排除规则的差别化程序。立足于我国检察制度的内部职能划分,派驻检察与巡回检察是符合政策导向的特色检察制度,建立“以派驻检察为重点,以巡回检察为抓手”的审前非法证据排除制度有诸多益处,尤其能够在发现非法证据线索、完善诉侦衔接、实现检察机关内部制约等方面发挥重要作用。以此为出发点重构检察机关排除非法证据的模式,可以打破适用于审判阶段证据排除的传统模式,重释其功能定位与规制重点,创新性地激活审前非法证据排除程序,扩张我国非法证据排除规则的适用场域。Article 56 of the“Criminal Procedure Law”indiscriminately entrusts the three organs of the public security,the procuratorate and the court to exclude illegal evidence in their respective litigation stages.However,from the perspective of practice,the elimination of illegal evidence in the pre-trial stage lacks standardization and effectiveness,and has also changed into a gatekeeping procedure for the prosecution and police to reshape evidence in the operational level.Therefore,it is necessary to take the procuratorate as an entry point of view to explore the differentiated procedures for applying the exclusionary rules of illegal evidence before trial.Based on the division of internal functions of China’s procuratorial system,stationed prosecutors and itinerant inspections are characteristic procuratorial systems in line with policy orientation.It has many benefits to establish a pre-trial illegal evidence exclusion system that“emphasize on stationed prosecutors and focus on itinerant inspections”.In particular,it can play an important role in discovering illegal evidence clues,improving the connection between prosecution and investigation and realizing the internal control of the procuratorate.Taking this as a starting point to reconstruct the mode of exclusion of illegal evidence by the procuratorate can break the traditional mode of evidence exclusion applicable to the trial stage,reinterpret its functional positioning and regulatory focus,innovatively activate the pre-trial illegal evidence exclusion procedure and expand the domain to apply the rule of excluding illegal evidence in China.

关 键 词：非法证据排除规则 侦查监督 诉侦衔接 派驻检察 巡回检察 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.3[政治法律—法学]