制造业智能化与企业出口产品质量:来自中国的微观证据  

Manufacturing Intelligence and Firms’Export Product Quality:Micro Evidence from China

作　　者：刘文革[1] 耿景珠 杜明威 LIU Wenge;GENG Jingzhu;DU Mingwei(School of International Economics and International Relations,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学国际经济政治学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2023年第1期53-69,共17页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项课题“完善社会主义市场经济体制研究”(18VSJ024);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目“新国际政治经济学建设”(XLYC2002042)。

摘　　要：随着第四次工业革命的到来,工业机器人的使用成为制造业智能化的重要表征,并对出口贸易产生了愈发深远的影响。研究使用中国2000—2014年行业层面的机器人应用数据、企业层面的机器人进口数据以及中国企业和产品层面的两类微观数据,检验工业机器人对出口产品质量的影响。企业和产品层面的实证结果均表明,工业机器人的使用能够显著促进中国出口产品质量升级。且在考虑工具变量的因果识别、样本选择偏误及多重稳健性检验后依然成立。基于进口工业机器人的准自然实验同样稳健,且促进效应随引进时间递增。机制分析表明,工业机器人主要通过全要素生产率提振、企业创新能力增强和劳动要素升级三个渠道提高企业出口产品质量。With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution,the application of industrial robots has become an important indicator of the intelligentization of the manufacturing industry,and has had an increasingly profound impact on export trade.Based on China's industry-level robot application data,the enterprise-level robot import data,Chinese industrial enterprise data and customs product data from 2000 to 2014,this paper examines the impact of industrial robots on the quality of the exported products.The empirical results from the enterprise level and the product level are consistent.The results show that the application of industrial robots can significantly promote the quality upgrading of China's export products.It still holds after considering causal identification of instrumental variables,sample selection bias and multi-robustness test.Quasi-natural experiments based on imported industrial robots are also robust,and the promotion effect increases with time.Mechanism analysis shows that industrial robots mainly improve the quality of export products through three channels:total factor productivity boost,enterprise innovation capability enhancement,and labor factor upgrading.

关 键 词：工业机器人 出口产品质量 制造业智能化 企业和产品层面 

分 类 号：F74[经济管理—国际贸易]