两种方式发酵棉粕的营养价值及草鱼生长性能的影响  

Nutritional Value of Cottonseed Meal Fermented by Two Methods and Its Effects on Growth Performance of Grass Carp

作　　者：禚梅 赵燕慧 田广杰 刘文祥 梁鑫 樊振 ZHUO Mei;ZHAO Yanhui;TIAN Guangjie;LIU Wenxiang;LIANG Xin;FAN Zhen(Xinjiang Tiankang Feed Co.,Ltd.,Xinjiang Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆天康饲料有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第6期63-69,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：新疆重点领域科技攻关计划“新疆饲用菌资源库建立及替抗益生菌发酵饲料产业化”[2020AB013];新疆科技创新人才计划“饲用益生菌选育及发酵工艺研究”[2021CB009]。

摘　　要：试验旨在评价经嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)或枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)发酵后棉粕的营养价值及其对草鱼生长性能的影响。发酵试验设置无菌对照组、枯草芽孢杆菌好氧发酵组以及添加碱性蛋白酶和嗜酸乳杆菌的厌氧发酵组,发酵24 h后测定各组的棉粕营养指标。选择初始体重均为(100±3)g草鱼约54 000尾,随机分为3组,分别以基础饲料、50 g枯草芽孢杆菌好氧发酵棉粕替换等重基础饲料中普通棉粕、50 g碱性蛋白酶+嗜酸乳杆菌的厌氧发酵棉粕替换等重基础饲料中普通棉粕三种饲料开展为期46 d的饲养试验。结果表明,发酵棉粕的游离棉酚显著低于未发酵棉粕(P<0.05),粗蛋白和酸溶蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在不增加饲料成本的前提下,草鱼日粮中发酵棉粕替换相应重量的普通棉粕后均可提高草鱼平均日增重、增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05),提高了草鱼肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),降低脏体比(P<0.05),但对饲料系数和肝体比影响不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,棉粕经发酵后可提升其营养价值,饲喂发酵棉粕提高了草鱼的日增重、增重率及特定生长率,提高草鱼肠道胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,并降低了脏体比。The experiment was designed to evaluate the nutritional value of cotton meal and its effects on growth performance of grass carp after fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bacillus subtilis.Nu⁃tritional parameters of cottonseed meal were measured after 24 h of fermentation with either sterile sub⁃strates(CON),aerobic Bacillus Subtilis(HY),or anaerobic Lactobacillus acidophilus supplemented with al⁃kaline protease(YY).Approximately 54000 grass carp[Body weight(100±3)g]were used in the feeding experiment.Carp were randomly assigned into 3 groups:basal diet,50 g HY cottonseed meal replacing same amount of ordinary cottonseed meal in basal diet,or 50 g YY cottonseed meal replacing same amount of ordinary cottonseed meal in basal diet.Three experimental diets were fed for 46 days.Com⁃pared with the CON,free gossypol in HY and YY cottonseed meal was decreased(P<0.05),and the con⁃centrations of crude protein and acid-soluble pro⁃tein were increased(P<0.05).Under same feeding cost,average daily gain(ADG),weight gain rate,specific growth rate,activities of intestinal prote⁃ase and amylase of grass carp was increased(P<0.05)and the ratio of organ to body weight was de⁃creased(P<0.05)in fermentation cottonseed meal groups compared with CON.However,the differ⁃ence of feed coefficient and liver to body ratio were not different significant(P>0.05).In conclusion,the nutritional value of cottonseed meal was im⁃proved after fermentation,and feeding fermented cottonseed meal increased the daily gain,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of grass carp,increased the activities of intestinal protease and amylase,and decreased the visceral-body ratio of grass carp.

关 键 词：草鱼 棉粕 枯草芽孢杆菌 碱性蛋白酶 嗜酸乳杆菌 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]