荞麦切流-横轴流双滚筒脱分试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Threshing and Separation of Tangential Flow-horizontal Axial Flow Double Drum for Buckwheat

作　　者：黄小娜 张卫国 张昆昆 冯松科 刘志杰[1,2] 杨福增 Huang Xiaona;Zhang Weiguo;Zhang Kunkun;Feng Songke;Liu Zhijie;Yang Fuzeng(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,YangLing 712100,China;Northern Agricultural Equipment Scientific Observation and Experimental Station,YangLing 712100,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Ur umqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部北方农业装备科学观测实验站,陕西杨凌712100 [3]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第7期183-190,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701804);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019NY-176);西北农林科技大学试验示范站科技创新与成果转化项目(2020-37)。

摘　　要：荞麦具有不同于普通谷物的收获特性,而两段式收获被认为是其最佳的机械化收获方式。目前,关于荞麦两段式捡拾收获的脱粒分离装置的试验研究鲜有报道。为此,在自行研制的切流-横轴流双滚筒捡拾收获试验平台上进行了荞麦的脱粒分离试验研究,即采用四因素三水平的正交试验,研究了荞麦籽粒含水率、喂入量、脱粒滚筒线速度和脱粒间隙对破碎率、含杂率、损失率和脱分功率等性能指标的影响规律。结果表明:影响荞麦脱粒分离性能的试验因素重要性次序依次为籽粒含水率、脱粒间隙、滚筒线速度及喂入量;荞麦两段式捡拾收获最优的脱粒分离作业参数为籽粒含水率20%、脱粒间隙35 mm、脱粒滚筒线速度17.27 m/s、喂入量1.2 kg/s;最优脱粒分离作业参数下脱出物中各类杂余占比较小,表明装置适用于荞麦两段式捡拾收获的脱粒分离作业。研究可为两段式荞麦捡拾收获机的脱粒分离装置研发提供理论支撑和试验支持,对荞麦产业的机械化发展具有重要意义。Buckwheat has different harvest characteristics from ordinary grains,and two-stage harvesting is considered the best mechanized harvesting method.At present,there are few reports on the experimental research of the two-stage threshing and separating device for buckwheat harvesting.In this paper,an experimental study on threshing and separation of buckwheat was carried out on a self-developed tangential flow-horizontal axial flow double drum picking up test platform.The orthogonal experiment of four factors and three levels was used to study the influence of buckwheat grain moisture content,feed amount,threshing drum linear speed and threshing gap on performance indexes such as crushing rate,impurity rate,loss rate and threshing separation power.The results show that the order of importance of the experimental factors that affect the performance of buckwheat threshing and separation is as follows grain moisture content,threshing gap,drum linear speed,and feed quantity;the optimal threshing and separation operation parameter for buckwheat two-stage harvesting grain moisture content of 20%,threshing gap of 35 mm,threshing drum linear speed of 17.27 m/s,feed rate of 1.2kg/s;under the optimal threshing and separation operating parameters,all kinds of impurities in the discharge are relatively small.This device is suitable for the threshing and separation operation of two-stage harvesting for buckwheat.This research can provide theoretical and experimental support for the development of the threshing and separation device of the two-stage buckwheat windrow harvesting machine,which is of great significance to the mechanized development of the buckwheat industry.

关 键 词：两段式收获 切流-横轴流滚筒 脱粒分离 荞麦 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]