汤显祖戏剧中存现句的修辞构式——以《临川四梦》为例  

The Rhetorical Constructions of Existential Sentences in Tang Xianzu’s Plays:A Case Study of Four Dreams of Linchuan

作　　者：谢世坚[1] 谢芷璇 XIE Shijian;XIE Zhixuan(School of Foreign Studies,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541000 Guangxi)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学外国语学院,广西桂林541000

出　　处：《阜阳师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Fuyang Normal University：Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汤显祖和莎士比亚戏剧修辞比较研究”(19BYY098);广西研究生教育创新计划项目“认知语用学视角下汤显祖与莎士比亚戏剧话语研究”(YCSW2021111)。

摘　　要：前人关于修辞构式的研究主要在构式语法框架下展开,部分学者从现代汉语的修辞构式入手,推导其修辞动因。修辞构式作为未固定的语法构式,在古文中也会出现。本研究以汤显祖的《临川四梦》为语料,基于隐喻认知理论,考察汤剧中的存现句修辞构式。研究发现,《临川四梦》中表存现意义的非典型存现句中,有两句的谓词通过整合,并借助隐喻实现了语句在原本意义上的延伸,非典型的存现谓词(如“出落”“擎着”)在存现句中整合后,获得了存现义。另外三句的存现谓词通过与语境的顺应表现出了非典型存现义,即:在某空间或时间内,存在着由某动作间接导致的主体。因此,汤剧中存现构式形成相对应的修辞构式,隐喻是存现构式的修辞动因。Recent researches on rhetorical constructions are mainly carried out under the framework of construction grammar.Some scholars have started with the rhetorical constructions of modern Chinese,and deduce their rhetorical motivations.Rhetorical constructions,as grammatical constructions,developed in a certain period of time without fixed grammatical structures,also appeared in ancient Chinese.This article takes Tang Xianzu’s Four Dreams of Linchuan as the corpus,based on the theory of cognitive metaphor,investigates the rhetorical constructions of existential sentences in Tang’s plays.The research found that among the five atypical existential sentences that express the existential meaning of the Four Dreams of Linchuan,two sentences meet the requirements of the construction for the role of the argument by integrating predicates,and achieve the purpose of construction in the sentence with the aid of metaphors.Atypical existential predicates such as“chuluo(出落)”and“qingzhe(擎着)”have gained existential meanings after being integrated into existential construction sentences.The other three sentences complete the non-archetypal existential meaning derived from the typical existential construction through adaptation,that is,in a certain space or time,there exists an existential subject caused indirectly by an action.Therefore,the existential constructions in Tang’s plays form corresponding rhetorical constructions,and metaphor is the rhetorical motivation of existential constructions.

关 键 词：存现句 修辞构式 汤显祖戏剧 同化 整合 

分 类 号：I106.3[文学—世界文学]