不同类型踝关节护具对蹦床运动起跳动作的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical Study of Different Types of Ankle Braces on Jump-up Movements in Tampolining

作　　者：王满意 郭凯杰 张绪树 李永胜 陈静 Wang Manyi;Guo Kaijie;Zhang Xushu;Li Yongsheng;Chen Jing(College of Physical Education,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030600,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学体育学院,山西太原030600 [2]太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西太原030600

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第3期255-258,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：目的:本文通过比较不同类型踝关节护具对人体脚踝的影响,选出较为合适的护具,以达到有效预防踝关节损伤和提高运动成绩的目的。方法:选取体育学院在校大学生10名,分别穿戴三种不同类型的护具:肌内效贴、绷带和护踝,在蹦床网面上做垂直起跳动作,对照组为光脚组。通过Vicon2.1动作捕捉系统和肌肉电信号测试仪对受试者运动下肢进行同步测量,采用重复性方差检验,得到穿戴不同护具时受试者下肢及脚踝关键部位的运动学参数以及下肢肌肉的运动特点。结果表明:通过表面肌电信号的积分肌电值,分析得到受试者在蹦床运动的踩网阶段,股内侧(701.1)、腓肠肌内侧(619.19)和胫骨前肌(561.34)较为明显;从十名受试者的肌肉输入贡献率来看贴扎肌内效贴时最大,其次穿戴是护踝,然后是缠绕绷带,最后是光脚时。三种不同类型护具跳跃时下肢肌肉均有显著影响(p<0.05),其中肌内效贴最为明显。对受试者垂直跳跃的运动学实验数据比对经过重复性方差检验结果为:膝关节最大角度屈伸变化量中,绷带组显著大于光脚组(P<0.05),肌内效贴和护踝组并未达显著差异(P>0.05);在踝关节最大角度变化量上,肌内效贴组显著小于无贴扎组(P<0.05)。结论:蹦床运动时,出于对人体脚踝的保护作用,使用肌内效贴护具效果最好,能更好地控制踝关节屈伸角度和预防其损伤,此外蹦床运动员训练时可安排股内侧肌、腓肠肌内侧和胫骨前肌的强化训练,从而提高踩网力度,得到更高的腾空高度,取得更加优异的成绩。OBJECTIVE:This paper compares the ffects of diferent types of ankle protectors on the human ankle joint and selects a more suitable protector to ffectively prevent ankle injury and improve sports performance.METHODS:Ten university students were seleted and the experimental group wore three types of protetive gears:.intramuscular patches,bandages and ankle protectors to perform vertical jumping movements on a trampoline net,while the control group was barefoot.The kinematic parameters of the key parts of the lower limbs and the kinematic characteristics of the lower limb muscles when wearing different protective gears were obtained by simultaneous measurements of the subjects’exerrcising lower limbs with the Vicon 2.1 motion capture system and the muscle electical signal tester,using the repeated variance test.RESULTS:Compared to the protective gear,the analysis of the integral EMC values of the surface EMG signals showed that the medial femur(701.1),medial gastrocnemius(619.19)and anterior tibialis(561.34)were more pronounced when the subjects trampolined and stepped on the net;compared to the protective goar,the analysis of the muscle input contribution of the ten subjects showed that the greatest contribution was made when the intramuscular ffect patch was applied,fllowed by the ankle guard and finally the bandage.All three dfferent types of brace had a significant efect on jumping mowements and lower limb muscles(p<0.05),with the intramuscular patch being the most si gnifcant compared to the brace.The mximum change in the angle of the joints of the lower limb during the vertical jumping movement of the subjccts with different types of patches was determined by repeated variance test:in the maximum change in the angle of flexion and extension of the knee joint,the bandage group was significantly greater than the barefoot group(p<0.05),while the intr amuscular and ankle brace groups were slightly greater than the non-taped group,but they did not reach a signifcant diference(p>0.05);in the mximum change in the

关 键 词：肌肉电信号 运动学 起跳动作 踝关节护具 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]