葡萄渣对育肥羊瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的调控作用  

Regulation effect of grape pomace on rumen fermentation and microflora of fattening sheep

作　　者：李冲[1] 王宏博[2] 王国秀[1] 黄永亮 汪晓娟[1] 王维民[1] LI Chong;WANG Hongbo;WANG Guoxiu;HUANG Yongliang;WANG Xiaojuan;WANG Weimin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第2期530-538,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660670);甘肃农业大学盛彤笙科技创新基金(GSAU-STS-1620)。

摘　　要：葡萄渣是葡萄酒酿制过程中的副产品,研究葡萄渣对反刍家畜瘤胃微生物区系和发酵模式的影响,是研发葡萄渣作为反刍家畜粗饲料来源、提高葡萄酒产业废弃资源再利用的迫切需要。本试验选取18只杜泊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)F1代公羔(90~105日龄),随机分为对照组(CON,饲粮无葡萄渣)和葡萄渣组(GP,用16%葡萄渣替代基础饲粮),单栏饲养70 d后屠宰,分析葡萄渣对育肥羊瘤胃液pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度和氮代谢参数的影响,并通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析瘤胃细菌多样性。结果表明,GP组瘤胃液pH和总氮浓度有高于CON组趋势(P<0.1),而异丁酸浓度和氨氮浓度显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。其他VFA浓度和氮代谢参数在两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。GP组梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和互养菌门(Synergistetes)相对丰度显著高于CON组(P<0.05);在16个相对丰度>0.1%的菌属中,GP组韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)和月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)丰度显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。基础饲粮中含有16%葡萄渣对育肥羊瘤胃细菌多样性指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,用16%葡萄渣替代基础饲粮抑制了育肥羊瘤胃蛋白质降解并降低了瘤胃乳酸分解菌丰度,但对瘤胃微生物多样性和瘤胃碳水化合物代谢的影响不显著。Grape pomace is a by-product of wine production.The effect of grape pomace on rumen microflora and fermentation parameters is worth investigating because it could be a potential feed source for ruminants,and the reuse of waste resources in wine industry could be improved.Eighteen male Dorper(♂)×Small-tail Han sheep(♀)F1 lambs(90~105 d of age)were randomly assigned to two diet groups:A control diet(CON,n=9)and a diet containing 16%grape pomace(GP,n=9).All the lambs were sacrificed after a 70-day fattening period.The pH,volatile fatty acid concentrations,and nitrogen metabolism parameters of rumen fluid were measured.Ruminal bacterial diversity was determined via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA.The results showed that the rumen pH and total nitrogen concentration were higher in the GP than in the CON(P<0.1),whereas the isobutyrate and NH3-N concentrations were significantly lower in the GP than in the CON(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Synergistetes were significantly higher in the GP group than in the CON(P<0.05).Among the 16 genera with>0.1%relative abundance,Veillonella and Selenomonas were significantly lower in the GP(P<0.05)than in the CON.However,alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that grape pomace did not significantly affect ruminal microbial diversity.In conclusion,the diet with the inclusion of 16%grape pomace inhibited rumen protein degradation and decreased the abundance of lactic acid decomposition bacteria in fattening sheep;however,it did not affect rumen microbial diversity and rumen carbohydrate metabolism.

关 键 词：绵羊 葡萄渣 瘤胃微生物 单宁 发酵参数 挥发性脂肪酸 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S826.5[农业科学—畜牧学]